impression upon me, for it is very dirty, and a wretchedly-built place. After some inquiry, we found out a little Greek School, which has been established quite lately. There was no regular Schoolmaster, consequently no order whatever among the Children. They all squatted about the room, with scarcely any books. Only a few copies of the Ancient-Greek Psalter were in the hands of the first Boys. Mr. Leeves opened his bag, and produced some books, when every eye was fixed upon him. He first tried whether there were any who would be willing to buy a New Testament; but the parents were not disposed to lay out any money for books. We then called the Archimandrite (a Greek Ecclesiastic), and inquired whether he had a New Testament. He said, "Yes, I have two." His two Deacons, not having any, received each one, and so did a few of the Head Boys: we also left about 150 of various kinds of books, for the Children. The Deacons and the Children were pleased; but the Head Priest looked at them with great suspicion, and, pointing at the New Testament, said, These are not to be read in our Churches." We then inquired whence he had heard this? After some hesitation, he replied, "Some one from Mytelene came to inform us." The Priests in Greece Pro

per have evidently a great influence upon the Greek Priests in Turkey. They begin here, as in Greece, to print

their own books, and to store them with what they call orthodox religion. We found in Smyrna a Catechism in progress, which contains, as far as we could see it, many things contrary to the Word of

God.

State of the Schools at Smyrna. The state of the Schools of the Rev. J. Brewer, one of the American Missionaries, is thus noticed by Mr. Jetter, immediately after his arrival:

May 18, 1831-We saw Mr. Brewer's Female Schools; for we expected to stay only a few days, and therefore wished to see all we could on the first day. In one of these Schools we found about 120 Children, who are instructed in Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic. Considering the short time that these Schools have been established, they are in very good order. Several Classes read the Gospels, and the rest the Catechism, &c. The second of these Schools numbers perhaps 60 Children, who are of a

We

higher class, and pay from three to four piastres (about three or four shillings) per month towards their education. saw, further, two large Greek Schools for Boys, which are in the hands of the Greeks themselves, but which have hitherto been more or less supplied with books by Mr. Brewer. One of these Schools is of a higher order, and is under English protection. Here the Children learn different languages, and have also begun English with Mr. Brewer; who, in consequence of his many engagements, has been obliged to give it up; and they are looking out for some other person. This School counts 300 or more Children, in different departments. The Head Master is a Mr. Abraham, from Cæsarea. He is a very well-informed man, and, as far as I have heard, liberal. For want of time we could not hear the Children read at this place. We then saw an Armenian School, on a large scale, and built in a very superior manner; but were not able to understand the Children, who speak only Turkish. Two Boys I saw who knew a little Greek, and have also begun to learn English: they visit Mr. Brewer twice or three times a-week, and seem to be very amiable lads. Desire in Asia Minor for the Establishment

of Schools.

Jetter, dated Boujah, near Smyrna, By a subsequent Letter from Mr. July 19, 1831, we observe the eager desire which is manifested in Asia Minor for the blessings of Education. In quoting the following Extract, we can only add, that it is not in the power of the Church Missionary Society to enter at once extending: but while the pain of upon plans of Education so widely such delay is necessarily submitted to, it may be hoped that the more limited ones, actually commenced, will obtain greater maturity; and thus furnish models, according to which the Natives may be enabled to construct their own Schools and Seminaries.

A Letter from Mr. Lewis, who is at present on a tour through Asia Minor, conveyed to me a Petition from Thyatira for two Schools. I give you a translation of it :

"Three-hundred and fifty Families dwelling in the town of Thyatira, having 250 Male

and 300 Female Children, beg that a Hellenic (Ancient-Greek) School, and a School for Mutual Instruction, might be established among them, that both Boys and Girls might make progress in learning.

"The annual expenses are as follow-3000 Piastres for the salary of an Ancient-Greek Master; 1200 for the Master of the other School; 800 for sundry expenses for the Ancient, and 500 for the Modern-Greek School: together, 5500 Piastres per annum, for salaries, books, &c. for these two proposed

Schools."

Signed by the Archbishop of Ephesus, and three others; and by three of the principal Inhabitants of Thyatira.

It bears date, June 25th (Old Style), 1831. I would ask, Is it in the Society's plan and power to extend their Missionary Operations beyond Smyrna and its immediate neighbourhood? Have you any Missionaries to spare for Asia Minor? I must say, however desirable it would be to establish Schools, not only in Thyatira, but in Pergamos and other places of Asia Minor, unless a Missionary could live within a short distance of them, to superintend them, we could not be sure that the money would be laid out altogether to the Society's wishes. Good Schoolmasters are indeed very scarce here; for we want, not only some knowledge, but also piety, in a man to trust one or two Schools to his care. I hear that the Archbishop of Ephesus is a very liberal man, and much wishes that Schools might be established throughout his large Diocese.

Mr. Jetter's Employments and Prospects at Smyrna.

From Smyrna, under date of August 19th, 1831, Mr. Jetter thus writes concerning his employments and prospects in that city and neigh

bourhood:

We arrived here in the middle of June last, just when the Plague was raging in Smyrna, and throughout Asia Minor. I took a house for the summer at Boujah, where all the English Families generally reside in the hot season. For a monthand-a-half we were almost shut up on account of the Plague, and had only intercourse with our few Christian Friends. Divine Service has, however, been performed every Sunday, with few exceptions. This agreeable duty fell on me, as both Mr. Lewis, and Mr. Arundell, the British Chaplain, were absent. There are few that love the Lord sincerely at this place. In fact, the greater

part scarcely come to Church. After the plague rumour had a little subsided, we opened a Girls' School at Boujah, which

numbers between 60 and 70 Children. The Rev. J. Brewer gave me a Girl from one of his Schools here, who acts at present as Mistress. She lives with us; and, in her leisure hours, pursues her studies in Greek: and, latterly, I have commenced English with her and a few others. We have great difficulty to obtain suitable persons for Mistresses. There is another village, where they want a Girls' School; but I can scarcely enter upon it just now, for want of a Mistress. There is a Boys' School at Boujah, paid for by the people, which is also, in some degree, under my influence. I have the liberty to examine the Children, and to give them books. I introduced, some weeks ago, 66 The Life and Character of David," sent to me by Mr. Brenner. Select books are much sought for by the Greeks.

GERMAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Intended Journey of Rev. J. T. Pfander from Bagdad. MR. PFANDER writes from Bagdad, on the 11th of February

By my Letters of September and October of last year, I informed you of a change in my plans; having resolved on proceeding to Persia this spring, instead of going to Mosul and Merdin. The differences which have arisen between the Pacha of this place and the Grand Signior have rendered correspondence nearly impossible; and would also eppose the greatest difficulties and dangers to an attempt at travelling into Mesopotamia. I intend, therefore, if God within a month; and to prosecute my prosper my design, to leave Bagdad journey by Kermanshah to Ispahan : but if, by that time, this route should be closed, I shall embark on the Tigris, and follow the course of it to Bassorah, in order to proceed thence, by Bushire and Shirâz, to Ispahan. At that place, if it be the Lord's will, I could wish to arrive in May, and to remain till September; perfecting myself in Persian, and looking out for opportunities to engage in Missionary Labours: after which, I mean to return to Shusha, by way of Kum, Kashan, and Tebriz, and hope to arrive there about the end of October.

In all probability, I shall have to make this journey alone, without the company of Mr. Groves; because some

Fellow-labourers, whom he expects from England, and who embarked last autumn at Marseilles, have not yet reached this place, nor have any tidings of their landing been received. No doubt they are at Aleppo; but existing circumstances preclude the hope of their coming soon to enter on this field of labour.

I find it difficult, I confess, to enter upon such an extensive journey alone, no Christian Brother to accompany me: but my heart is supported and consoled by the reflection, that I shall take the Pilgrim's staff in the name of my God and for the spread of His Kingdom. On many former occasions, also, He has taught me how good it is to trust in Him; and firmly to believe that His people are under His peculiar care and guidance, and that He directs even the most trifling events to their advantage. Such being the persuasion of my heart, I shall cheerfully, though solitarily, travel through these lands of Mahomedan Darkness and of bitter enmity against the Gospel. My first prayer to the Father of Mercies is, that I may receive strength to take every step so as to honour His Name: and always to speak and to act so that He may be glorified and the power of Gospel Truth manifested. Deeply do I feel my weakness and my inability of myself to do this; but I will not be discouraged, seeing that experience has taught me to know Him who out of weakness maketh strong.

My chief designs in undertaking this journey are to acquire a full and ready use of the language-to become better acquainted with the disposition of the Persians, as it regards the Gospel and the diffusion of it among them-to ascertain the best means of diffusing the Light of the Gospel among the numerous Armenian Population-to get my Essay on Christianity and Mahomedanism, in Persian, revised-and, especially, to search out the best means for circulating the Word of God among the inhabitants of Persia.

Proceedings while at Bagdad. Painful it is to me, as well as to my dear friend Groves, to relinquish, for the present, our promising journey in Mesopotamia, circumstances being unfavourable: but, though this disappoints some plans which we had formed in connexion

with that journey, yet we have, on the other hand, been favoured to lay the foundation of a permanent Mission at this

seat of Mahomedan Dominion, and have found the means of establishing a promising School. This School has met with very satisfactory success; the number of Armenian Boys and Youths contained in it amounting already to 65. They have all made due progress; and manifest great desire for instruction, and much affection and confidence toward us. Thirty of them have begun to translate the writings of the New Testament from the Ancient Armenian into the Modern; and will soon be able to read fluently, and to understand, the New Testament. Mrs. Groves, also, has opened a School for Armenian Girls, and her Scholars give her much joy.

I have availed myself of every opportunity for circulating the Word of God. In Bagdad itself, I could not do much, the Catholics having been strictly forbidden, by their Bishop, to accept from us any book not printed at Rome. The Mahomedans of this place are afraid of the New Testament; and the Israelites care nothing for the Word of God: but so much the more richly were the Holy Scriptures diffused in Mesopotamia. I have sent two boxes of Syriac and Arabic Bibles to Merdin, as well as to Mosul: they were gladly received by the Syrian Christians there; and, from both places, we have received invitations to go and minister to these people.

On the whole, the Lord has visibly blessed this beginning of the work: He has removed many obstacles, and opened a door for much exertion. The connexion between this service in Mesopotamia and the Mission in Shusha will, we sincerely trust, further the circulation of the Word of God in these countries.

Endia within the Ganges.

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

IN our Numbers for April and May last (pp. 184-203, 230-256) the different Stations of the South-India Mission were brought under review, and copious extracts given from the communications of the Missionaries; exhibiting, so far as our materials and space would allow, the progress of the work in which they are engaged. In this, and our succeeding Number, we purpose to adopt a similar course, in presenting to our

State of the Congregations. Madras-Divine Service has been performed in Black-Town Church, in the Tamul Language, once on a Sunday Morning, and once on a Wednesday Evening; and at Perambore Church twice every Sunday.

The average number of our Congregation at Black Town has increased since the last Quarter, by 30. Mrs. Schaffter having taken charge of Mrs. Kindlinger's School, and the Schoolmasters and their Families and some of the School Children coming to Church, accounts for this.

The attendance has been regular, making allowance for the circumstances under which many of the people belonging to our Congregation are placed. Several of the Christians attached to the Black Town and Perambore Congregations adorn the doctrine of the Gospel by a consistent Christian conduct. Some who had been inconsistent in their profession have been reproved; and two of them have given indications of sincere repentance.

Poonamallee-In the absence of the Missionary, Divine Service is performed by the Catechist, twice on a Sunday, and once on a Friday.

Mavalore-Divine Service is performed twice on a Sunday; and every evening in the week the Catechist holds a Prayer Meeting in the School-room, for the benefit of the people. Divine Service is held at present in the Schoolroom; as the building of the Church for the accommodation of the inhabitants, for which we have collected subscriptions, has been delayed till now, on account of local opposition.

We have a Catechist stationed at Mavalore Coopum, who makes it his work to instruct the people in the Doctrine of the Protestant Faith; and it is with pleasure we state, that these people are daily increasing in knowledge, and giving evidence, by their conduct, that the Go

spel preached among them has its desired effect.

Tripasore-Divine Service is performed twice every Sunday, and once in the week.

Having visited this Station for a few months only, I am not so well acquainted with the internal state of the Congregation, as to give a particular account of it. I can only notice, that two or three,

with whom I was previously acquainted, seem to be very zealous in bringing others to the knowledge of Christ.

I have not as yet administered the Lord's Supper to the people belonging to the Congregation at Mavalore Coopum and Tripasore.

Mr. Schaffter makes the following general remarks on the

Means employed to impart Christian
Instruction.

Besides the regular Services which we have at Madras, and at the Out Stations connected with it-to which, occasionally, the Heathens resort to hear something of the Christian Religion-we have every week at Madras three Meetings in our School-rooms, chiefly for the purpose of imparting Christian Instruction to the Heathen. We begin these Meetings by singing a Hymn, which is the means of bringing the Heathen together; then we proceed to read and expound a portion of the Scriptures; and we conclude with prayer to God for His blessing upon the instructions which have been imparted. After the Meeting is concluded, we have usually an opportunity to converse with the people, and to bring still nearer to their hearts and understandings the truths which we have been explaining. I have occasionally seen Heathens and Roman Catholics who have been so impressed at the Meeting, that they have freely confessed the superiority of the Christian Religion, in many respects, to their Heathen and Popish Superstitions, and have expressed a strong desire to be more perfectly acquainted with the doctrines of the Gospel. These Meetings furnish also an opportunity to distribute Scriptures and Tracts, to those who know how to read, and are desirous to know the Way of Salvation.

Another great means which we employ to impart Christian Instruction to the Heathen, is the excursion which either I or the Catechists make, monthly, to Tripasore, Mavalore Coopum, and the neighbouring places. There we meet with Heathens, Mahomedans, and Roman