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267. DELIVERY AND PAINTING. There Proverbs. 1. The act does not constitute is a striking analogy or correspondence, be- guilt in the eye of the law so much as the design. 2. tween painting and delivery. We have, what A certain degree of modesty and reserve, in young are called, seven primary colors, and seven persons, is a sure passport to the good will of their pitches of sound-though strictly speaking, superiors. 3. The diligent and industrious-gebut three of each. Letters are like compound-nerally prosper; while the indolent--pine in want. ed paints; words like paints, prepared for use; 4. Keep your passions in subjection; for unless and, when these words are arranged into pro- they obey you, they will govern you. 5. In imper sentences, they form pictures on the parting to a friend-a knowledge of our misforcanvas of the imagination. Let the follow-tunes, we often feel them lightened. 6. The body ing beautiful landscape be sketched out in may be enslaved; but no human power can conthe mind: "On a MOUNTAIN, (stretched be- trol the mind, without its consent. 7. A flowery neath a hoary willow) lay a shepherd swain, path-is not that which conducts us to glory. 8. -and view'd the rolling billow." Now review it; and see every thing as it is the A good reputation is preferable to a girdle of gold, Let us use, not abuse-the good things of life. 9. mountain covered with trees; the shepherd, 10. Lofty towers-tumble with a tremendous crash. reclining under the willow tree, with his 11. Dig not your grave with the teeth. 12. April flock near by, some feeding, and some lying showers, make May flowers. down; and what is he doing? Looking out upon the ocean, covered with pleasure boats, vessels, &c. In this way, you may behold, with the mind's eye, (for the mind has its eye, as well as the body,) the ideas of the author; and then picture out whatever you hear and read, and give to it life, habitation, and a name; thus you will see the thoughts, receive the light, and catch, or draw out their latent heat; and having enlightened and warmed your own mind, you will read and speak from your own thoughts and feelings, and transfer the living, breathing landscapes of your mind to others, and leave a perfect daguerreotype likeness on the retina of their mind's eye you feel and think, and there-diamond necklaces, the crosses, stars, brofore speak; and thus you can memorize, so as not to forget: for you will have it by heart.

268. La Fayfette. I see the marshals of Napoleon (gorged with the plunder of Europe, and stained with its blood) borne on their flashing chariot-wheels-through the streets of Paris. I see the ministers of Napoleon filling the highest posts of trust and honor under Louis the XVIII.; and I see the friend of Washington, (La Fayette,) glorious in his noble poverty, looking down from the calm and placid height of his consistency and his principles, on their paltry ambition, and its more paltry rewards.

Anecdote. Means of Happiness. Socrates, when asked his opinion of the king of Persia, and whether he judged him happy, replied, "he could not tell what to think of him; because, he knew not how much he was furnished with virtue and learning."

Magic, wonder-beaming eye;
In thy narrow circle-lie

All our varied hopes-and fears,
Sportive smiles-and graceful tears;
Eager wishes,-wild alarms,
Rapid feelings,-potent charms,
Wit and genius, taste and sense,

Shed through thee-their INFLUENCE.

When lovers meet-in adverse hour,

Enjoyment. When I walk the streets, 1 use the following natural maxim, viz. that he is the true possessor of a thing who enjoys it, and not he that owns it without the enjoy ment of it; to convince myself that I have a property in the gay part of all the gilt chariots that I meet, which I regard as amusements, designed to delight my eyes, and the imagination of those kind of people, who sit in them, gaily attired, only to please me. 1 have a real, and they only an imaginary, pleasure from their exterior embellishments. Upon the same principle, I have discovered that I am the natural proprietor of all the

cades, and embroidered clothes, which I see at a play or birth-night, as giving more natural delight to the spectator, than to those that ladies, as so many paroquets in an aviary, or wear them. And I look on the beaux and tulips in a garden, designed purely for my diversion. A gallery of pictures, a cabinet, or library, that I have free access to, I think my own. In a word, all that I desire is the ing of them. By which maxim I am grown use of things, let who will have the keepone of the richest men in the world; with this difference, that I am not a prey to my own cares, or the envy

of others.

Varieties. 1. Can we be responsible, without being endowed with freedom, and rationality? 2. Perfect freedom is the birthright of man, and heaven forbid that any human authority should infringe upon it; but in the exercise of this right, let us be humble and discreet, and never do wrong. 3. If the roots be left, the grass will grow again. 4. Brutes-have a language peculiar to themselves; so have deaf and dumb persons. 5. There are merchants-with the sentiments, and abilities, of statesmen; and there are persons in the ranks of statesmen, with the conceptions and characters of pedlars. 6. The natural world is a world of dreams; for nothing is as it appears; but the spiritual world-is a world of realities, where we shall see as we are seen, and know-as we are

"Tis like the sun-glimpse-through the shower, known. 7. The granary-of all heavenly

A watery ray-an instant seen,

The darkly changing clouds-between.

seed, is the Word of God; the ground-is our will, in which that seed must be sown.

269. This Word - Painting, being a sub- Proverbs. 1. He, whose expenditure is more ject of such great importance, and one that than his income, must be poor; but he that receives is inseparably connected with emphasis, we more than he spends, must be rich. 2. What will dwell upon it a little longer, and apply some speakers fail in, as to depth, they make up it practically; for--unless we get into the in- as to length. 3. Money, earned with little labor, is ternals of the subject, all our efforts will be generally spent with little consideration. 4. We nearly unavailing. A very good way to often lose those things that are certain, while we perfect ourself in this style of painting, is-to pursue others that are doubtful. 5. He, who close the eyes, after having memorized the knows nothing, doubts nothing. 6. Many perwords, (or get some one to read them delibe- sons feel an irreconcilable enmity-towards those rately,) and infix the thoughts and feelings labor, no work is perfected. 8. Accumulated whom they have injured. 7. Without sweat and of the author in the mind, and let there be a wealth-brings care, and a thirst for increasing commingling of them with your own, in such riches. 9. Whether in prosperity, or adversity, that there will be an entire re-produc- we should always endeavor to preserve equation, and re-formation of them,-a new crea-nimity. 10. Do not grieve for that which is irretion. The effect of this kind of exercise on the mind, will be like that of the warm sun, and refreshing rain, in developing and perfecting vegetation.

a way,

THUNDER STORM ON THE ALPS.

Far along
From peak to peak, the rattling crags among,
Leaps the live thunder! not from one lone cloud,
But every mountain-now, hath found a tongue,
And Jura-answers through her misty shroud,
Back to the joyous Alps, who called aloud.
Thy spirit-Independence,-let me share,
Lord of the lion heart-and eagle eye!
Thy steps I follow, with my bosom bare,

Nor heed the storms that howl across the sky.

Tis greatly wise-to talk with our past hours,
And ask them-what report-they bore to heaven;
And how they might have borne-more welcome news;
Their answers-form-what men-experience call.

270. CHEMISTRY-treats of the composition of all material substances, their sensible properties and relations, and the effects produced upon them-by cohesion, affinity, light, heat, and electricity. Its study-reflects light upon all these effects, and is subsidiary to the natural and medical sciences: indeed, its application extends throughout the wider range of all the physical arts; and hence, ranks among the most useful of the sciences. If the fair sex-would understand this subject, only so far as it relates to house-keeping, they would see, that there is no necessity of having poor soap, or bad bread, or of making other mistakes in their culinary preparations.

Anecdote. Mad Man. A man, who was apparently more of a wit-than a mad-man, but who, notwithstanding, was confined in a mad-house, being asked how he came there, answered-" Merely a dispute of words; I said that all men were mad; and all said I was ma; the majority-carried the point, and here am."

Walls of brass-resist not

A noble undertaking,-nor can vice-
Raise any bulwark-to make good a place,
Where virtue-seeks to enter.

Lovers say, the heart-hath treble wrong,
When it is barred-the aidance of the tongue.

coverably lost. 11. Use soft words, and hard arguments. 12. A full purse never lacks friends. Dissimulation. Dissimulation in youth, is the forerunner of perfidy in old age; its first appearance-is the fatal omen of growing depravity, and future shame. It degrades parts and learning, obscures the lustre of every accomplishment, and sinks us into contempt. The path of falsehood is a perplexing After the first departure from sincerity, it is not in our power to stop; one artifice unavoidably leads on to another; till, as the intricacy of the labyrinth increases, we are left entangled in our snare.

maze.

VARIETIES.

Pain-is perfect misery, the worst of evils;
And excessive, overturns all patience.
'Tis base-to change with fortune, and deny
A faithful friend, because in poverty.
Who lives to nature,-rarely can be poor;
Who lives to fancy, never can be rich.
Music-resembles poetry; in each-
Are nameless graces, which no methods teach,
And which a master's hand alone-can reach.
Bright-eyed fancy-hovering o'er,
Scatters-from her pictured urn,

Thoughts-that breathe, and words-that burn.
If good-we plant not, vice-will fill the place,
And rankest weeds-the richest soil-deface.
But the good man, whose soul is pure,
Unspotted, and of pardon-sure,
Looks thro' the darkness of the gloomy night,
And sees the dawning-of a glorious light.

Would you taste the tranquil scene?
Be sure your bosom--be serene ;
Devoid of hate, devoid of strife,
Devoid of all that poisons life.
And much it 'vails you-in their place,
To graft the love-of human race.
How deep-yon azure-dyes the sky,
Where orbs of gold-unnumbered lie,
While, through their ranks, in silver pride,
The nether crescent-seems to glide!

Thou sun, said I, fair light!
And thou, enlightened earth, so fresh and gay!
Ye hills and dales, ye rivers, woods, and plains,
And ye that live, and move, fair creatures, tell,
Tell if you can, how came I thus, how here?

271. RYTHM-poetical measure, or verse; Proverbs. 1. Truth-is but another name-for of which there are various kinds. Prose-is fact. 2. There is a mental, as well as civil comman's natural language, which is rather monwealth. 3. The end of learning, is usefulloose and unconfined. Poetry-originates in ness,-not reputation. 4. Study the principles of the affections, prose in the thoughts, of the things, as well as their uses. 5. Common sense human mind; tho' some poems are occasion--which is very un-common, is the best sense ally prosaic, and some prose-poetic: feel- in the world. 6. No one can hit a mark, without ing predominates in the former,-thought, aiming at it; and skill is acquired, by repeated in the latter. Our rules for reading and attempts. 7. Never do anything with indifference; and do everything as perfectly as possible. 8. speaking are the same, whether in prose or Never cut out a piece of a newspaper, till you poetry: for in all cases, the manner must be adapted to the matter; the sound to the have looked on the other side. 9. In prosperity, sense: in other words, the mind's perception one. 10. Haste-is a poor apology; take time, and -prepare for a change; in adversity,-hope for and feeling of the matter, must dictate the ap-do your work well. 11. Personal effort-seldom propriate manner; "suit the action to the fails to obtain its object. 12. Some people never word, the word to the action; and o'erstep have enough. not the modesty of nature."

Yon cloud is bright, and beautiful-it floats
Alone in God's horizon; on its edge

The stars seem hung like pearls: it looks as pure
As 'twere an angel's shroud,-the white cymar
Of purity, just peeping through its folds
To give a pitying look-on this sad world.
Go visit it, and find, that all is false;

Its glories are but fog, and its white form
Is plighted to some coming thunder-gust ;--
The rain, the wind, the lightning, have their source
In such bright meetings. Gaze not at the clouds,

Autumn. It was a glorious day in autumn. The sky, of unsullied blue, glowed like a sapphire. The universal air-was filled with stillness. Not a breeze whisperednot a bird flapped its wing. It was the triumph of repose--when the undying energies of man--slumbered for a moment,--when even the conflict of his passions was suspended. Beautiful, melancholy autumn! whose ruddy ripeness--whispers of decay; whose richest tints--mingle with the "sear and yelHowever beautiful. Gaze at the sky, low leaf," as if the lusty year--had toiled The clear, blue, tranquil, fixed, and glorious sky. through youth and manhood for wealth, 272. AGRICULTURE-is the art of cultiva- which overflows, just when waning life-inting the ground; it includes, also, the rear-dicates, that the power of enjoyment--is passing and management of domestic animals; ing away. it is sometimes called Farming, and Husbandry: and, although simple in its operations, it derives great benefit from Machinery, -whence it takes its implements; from Chemistry, whence it derives a knowledge of soils, and the means of fertilizing them; from Botany,-which teaches a knowledge of the plants-to be cultivated or destroyed; and from Zoology-which teaches the habits and peculiarities of the animals it rears, and the means of improving them for use-and-depending, apparently, on contingent cirprofit.

Anecdote. Kosciusko, the hero of Poland, wishing to make a present to a Clergyman, sent it by a young man, and desired him to take the horse, which he himself usually rode. On his return, the young man said he would never ride his horse again, unless he gave his purse at the same time; for, said he, "as soon as a poor man on the road takes off his hat, and asks charity, the horse immediately stops, and will not stir, till something is given the petitioner; and as I had but little money with me, I was obliged, when it was gone, to feign giving something, in order to satisfy the horse."

Cursed be your senate; cursed your constitution;
The curse of growing factions—and divisions—
Still vex your councils, shake your public safety,
And make the robes of government-you wear,
Hateful to you, as these chains are—to me.

Varieties. 1. What is the difference--
between reading and reflection? 2. To look
away from principles, and see only their ap-
plication, tends to idolatry. 3. Suspicion is
the effect--of the association of ideas--mis-
directed by the imagination; it never exists
--without a shade of insanity.
Tho' deep, yet clear; tho' gentle, yet not dull;
Strong, without rage,-without o'erflowing—full.
5. In what manner--is uniformity in events

cumstances, to be accounted for? 6. Only
by appealing to first principles--can we re-
cover, or maintain--the spirit and essence,
of genuine wisdom, and intelligence. 7 The
greatest degree-of self-abasement, if real, is
the nearest approach to the Divine Presence.
Nay, shrink not-from the word "Farewell,"
As if 'twere Friendship's final knell :

Such fears-may prove but vain:
So changeful-is life's fleeting day,
Whene'er we sever, Hope may say,

We part, to meet again.
Even the last parting-earth can know,
Brings not unutterable wo

To souls, that heavenward soar ;
For humble Faith, with steadfast eye,
Points to a brighter world on high,
Where hearts, that here-at parting sigh,
May meet, to part no more.
Duties are ours; consequences-are God's.

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Proverbs. 1. Never begin things, and then leave them unfinished. 2. Have a place for every thing: and when you have used it, put it back again. 3. Proverbs-bear age; and he, who would do well, may see himself in them, as in a lookingglass. 4. Politeness-costs nothing, and may do much good. 5. Tediousness-is often fatal to our

"Children, you do not consider, that though this may be sport to you, it is death to us."

Folly and Wisdom. Many parentslabor hard, and live sparingly, that they may give their children a start in the world: but setting a son afloat with money left to himis like tying bladders under the arms of one who cannot swim; and ten to one he will drown; but teach him to swim, and he will. never need bladders: give a child a good education, and it will give him such a start-as will secure usefulness and victory in the race he is to run.

273. The three philosophical divisions of Poetry (as well as of Prose) in relation to the mind, are--RELIGIOUS, having reference to the supreme Being, and what is above us in the scale of creation; the soCIAL and CIVIL, or middle; what is around us, and within, relating to the great family of man: and the external, which refers, principally, to object. 6. Where there is no hope, there is no endeavor. 7. Unequal friendships-are easily disthe kingdom of Nature, which is below us; solved. 8. Sloth-consumes faster than labor. 9. viz. the animal, vegetable, and mineral: (do Lost time-is never found again; and time enough not include mankind in the animal king-yet, is always little enough. 10. Industry-paye dom; they are human; it is sensualism debts; despair-increases them. 11. Troops of fuwhich has degraded man to rank with ani-ries-march in the drunkard's triumph. 12. Sucmals.) The common divisions of Poetry are cess-consecrates the foulest crimes. -Pastoral, Lyric, Didactic, Satire, Sonnets, Anecdote. The Boys and Frogs. L'Es Descriptive, Epic, Tragic, and Comic; to which trange tells us, in his fables, that a number some add, Sacred, Classic, Romantic, Elegiac, of boys were one day watching frogs at the Mythologic, Eclogue, Ballad, and Epitaph. side of a pond; and that when any of them 274. Management of the Breath. From put their heads above the water, the boys what we have said, you see the importance pelted them down again, with stones. One of attending to this subject. Very few per- of the frogs, appealing to the humanity of sons-breathe sufficiently often, when read-the boys, made this striking observation, ing, speaking, or singing. All the directions the author has seen on this subject-are at variance with truth and nature. There are a few instances, when a long breath is necessary; but they are very rare. To acquire a long breath, exercise on all the difficulties of respiration, — and pursue a similar course for strengthening a weak voice; also, practice long quantity, walking up hill, and running, when reciting. In the following, breathe at least once, while reading each period. "He died young, (breathe,) but he died happy. His friends have not had him long, (breathe,) but his death-(breathe) is the greatest trouble and grief, (breathe,) they ever had. He has enjoyed the sweets of the world(breathe,) only for a little while, (breathe,) but he never tasted its bitters." The writer is aware of being, in this respect, in opposition to authorities; but he cannot be influenced by that, so long as he is persuaded that truth and nature are with him. If one does not breathe sufficiently often, he will be almost sure to speak too rapidly: and, as the object of Elocution is--to convince and persuade, how can one expect to do this, if he does not give his hearers time to think, or reason, about what he says? How can a jury-keep pace with a lawyer, whose language rides post-haste? If his reason, and arguments, are hurled upon the ear, like flashes of lightning upon the eye, how can they be remembered, or produce the intended effect? If one does not breathe at the proper times and places, the sense is not fully conveyed, and the lungs are injuriously affected. Too unfrequent breathing, and rapid speaking, must be avoided; but beware of the opposite extreme, unless you wish to lull your hearers to sleep.

Ask of mother earth-why oaks-were made-
Taller and stronger-than the weeds they shade.

Varieties. 1. Is it possible-for a created being to merit any thing-at the hands of God? 2. The instincts of animals—are their laws of life; they seem to be sensible of their ends of being, and the means of attaining them. 3. Truth-is that resemblance to, or conformity with Nature, that is presented to the mind, by the relation of ideas, whether simple, or complex. 4. There is a divinity— shapes our ends, rough hew them as we will. 5. 'Tis better, to be lowly born, and range with humble livers-in content, than to be pricked up-in glittering grief, and wear a golden sorrow. 6. Whatever is seen, by the bodily eye, or perceived by the outward senses, is but an effect-from the spiritual world, and a true representative of some principle therein, and proper to it; for that world is in the human soul,-and mind.

I ramble-by the evening sea

The light-house-glimmering from afar,
And fleecy clouds-are scouring free
O'er rising moon, and twinkling star;
In distance-floats the waning sail,

Or brightly gleams the plashing oar,
And mingles-with the shining gale

The billow-murmuring on the shore;
But one thing wants the wanderer there-
A kindred soul, the scene to share.

275. Emphasis. This is a very impor- | Proverbs. 1. Every act of violence-leads tant part of our subject; and unless the pu- to difficult results. 2. The house of a true friend pil is certain, that he perfectly understands is always a sure asylum. 3. It is sweet—to soothe Accent, he is advised to review it again. Ac- the wretched, and mitigate their misfortunes. 4 He cented syllables, are to other syllables, in the has done the mischief, and I bear the blame. 5. same word, what emphatic syllables, are to It is common to fools-to mention their neighbor's words in the same sentence,-hence, it may faults; while they are forgetful of their own. 6 Endeavor to conquer adverse circumstances; and be seen, that as the idea-is always associanot submit to them. 7. It is wise-to derive knowted with the accented vowel, and changes, ledge, even from an enemy. 8. He, who flies from when the seat of accent is changed; as in judgment, confesses the crime imputed to him. 9. Au-gust, and au-gust; so, the mind's eye- We are generally willing to believe-what we always accompanies the emphatic word. Ex. wish to be true. 10. Let justice be done, tho' the Doctor Johnson, (says Cicero,) was a great heavens fall. 11. The more riches a fool has, the orator. Thus emphasised, we make Cicero foolisher he is. 12. When the heart-is past hope, say, that Dr. Johnson-was a great orator. the face-is past shame. 13. Despair—has ruined Corrected, thus: Dr. Johnson says-Cicero many a one. was a great orator. Practice on this sentence, till every thing appertaining to correct emphasis is familiar. All the words in this book, printed in different type, are more or less emphatic and some are emphatic that are in the common type.

276. Emphasis is an increase of accent on the accented vowels of important words, the more perfectly to convey the sense of the author. There are only Two WAYS of making it: which are the same as in accent; viz: by STRESS and QUANTITY. First, by stress: Ex. 1. The difference between what is true -and false, good-and evil, is very great. 2. Some reports-are true: others—are false. 3. Truth tells us, that certain affectionsare evil but False says, they are good. 4. Good men-love, and practice, what is good and true; but wicked men-love, and practice, what is false, and evil. 5. Heavenconsists of all that is good and true; but Hell-consists of all that is false, and evil.

277. Horticulture--or Gardening, is the art of preparing and cultivating gardens, including pleasure-grounds, and ornamental shrubbery: its close relation to Agriculture, renders it difficult to distinguish between them. As involving principles of taste, and elements of beauty, it may be classed with the Fine Arts; but its connection with the Useful Arts--presents a stronger relation; and, whether considered in reference to usefulness, or ornament, it deserves much attention, and exerts a salutary influence over its votaries.

Anecdote. Working a Passage. An Irishman, having applied to work his passage on a canal-boat, and being employed to lead the horses on the tow-path; on arriving at the place of destination, declared he would sooner go on foot, than work his passage in America. Honest index-of the soul, Nobly scorning all control, Silent language-ever flowing, Every secret thought avowing, Pleasure's seat,-Love's favorite throne, Every triumph-is thy own.

Philosophy of Mind. No philosophy of the mind can be valuable, that does not propose an inquiry into the connection between mind and matter. Attention to the subject of our own consciousness, alone, excludes the possibility of their being well observed, because the conditions of their being well seen

are neglected. That there is a direct connection between mind and matter, the soul and body, is an indisputable fact; and it is perfectly idle, to pretend to examine the qualities of the former, without reference to the latter. The comprehension of the action of mind and the reaction of matter, involves the true principles of Intellectual Philosophy and Psychology.

Varieties. 1. Which is the most desirable, to know and understand much; or, to make a right use of what we know and understand? 2. The Jew-asks a sign; the Greeks-seek after wisdom. 3. Do not the shadows of great thoughts, sometimes fall on our minds?

Who friendship-with a knave has made,
Is judged a partner-in the trade;
'Tis thus, that on the choice of friends,
Our good, or evil name-depends.

5. Envy no man's good, or truth: seek not to be him. If less than thee, give that which he asketh of thee, at all times; if more than thee, envy not: neither seek to depreciate; and beware of rashly condemning what is above thee,-lest thou materially hurt thyself. 6. We may as soon take fire-into the bosom, without being burned, or touch tar, without being defiled, as to frequent and delight in-bad company, without a stain upon our moral character.

MY SISTER.

Mine eyes-have seen the beautiful,

Mine ears-have heard their thrilling voice,
My heart has felt their potent rule-
The fears of hope, the hope of joys-
But never-has my sight approved
A fairer-than my sister-no!
None other sound-so much hath moved
As, her "dear brother," spoken low.

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