dated, Washington, August 12th, 1844. Mr. C. acknowledges himself indebted for his facts and estimates, to Blackwood's Magazine, for April, 1844-an English periodical of the highest cha

racter.

In the first place, England paid $100,000,000 to the owners of the emancipated Slaves, for their freedom. The increased price of sugar, and other tropical productions, as the result of the emancipation, it is estimated, has cost the English people fifty millions more-whilst it is estimated that one hundred millions have been expended in the suppression of the Slave Trade: making in the aggregate, $250,000,000, as the result of the experiment. Her tropical productions have so greatly diminished in quantity since the emancipation, that instead of supplying herself and the rest of the world as formerly, she is scarcely able to supply herself with some of the most important articles.

"What is worse,' says Mr. Calhoun, "her own colonies are actually consuming sugar produced by Slave labor, brought direct to England, or refined in bond and exported and sold in her colonies as cheap or cheaper than they can be purchased there; while the Slave Trade, instead of diminishing, has been in fact, carried on to a greater extent than ever. So disastrous has been

the result, that, her fixed capital vested in tropical possessions, estimated at the value of nearly five hundred millions of dollars, is said to stand on the brink of ruin."

But not only have the productions of the British possessions in the West Indies greatly fallen off, but other nations that still continue Slave lalor in and near the tropics, have increased their productions to an enormous extent. There has been vested by them in tropical productions, it is estimated, since the year 1808, the sum of $4,000,000,000 in fixed capital, wholly dependent on Slave labor. During the same period, the annual value of their products has risen it is estimated from $72,000,000, to $220,000,600. The amount of fixed capital vested by England in tropical productions during the same period amounts to the sum of $830,000,000, whilst the annual value of her products has fallen to about $50,000,000.

In the year 1842, the British East and West Indies and Mauritius, produced 3,993,771 cwt. of sugar, while Cuba, Brazil and the United States, excluding other countries having tropical possessions, produced 9,600,000 cwt. Of coffee, during the same year, the British possessions produced 27,393 003, while Cuba and Brazil produced 201,590, 125 lbs. Of cotton, the British possessions, including shipments to China, produced

only 137,443,446 lbs., while the United States, alone, produced 790,479, 275 lbs.

"This vast increase of capital and productions," continues Mr. Calhoun, "on the part of those nations who have continued their former policy towards the Negro race, compared with that of Great Britain, indicates a corresponding relative increase of the means of commerce, nav. igation, manufactures, wealth and power. It is no longer a question of doubt, that the great source of wealth, prosperity, and power of the more civilized nations of the temperate zone, (especially Europe, where the arts have made the greatest advance) depends, in a great degree, on the exchange of their products with those of the tropical regions. So great has been the advance made in the arts, both chemical and mechanical, within the few last generations, that all the old civilized nations can, with but a small part of their labor and capital, supply their respective wants; which tends to limit within narrow bounds the amount of commerce between them, and forces them all to seek for markets in the tropical regions, and the more newly settled portions of the globe. Those who can best succeed in commanding those markets, have the best prospect of outstripping the others in the career of commerce, navigation, manufactures, wealth and power."

Such being the state of things, it is a question of vast moment with the British statesmen, how shall they regain their control over the produce of the tropical regions? What plan shall be

adopted to save from ruin the vast capital vested by the English in tropical possessions? To accomplish these objects, two expedients have been adopted, or rather suggested-for but one of them has been reduced fully to practice: 1st. To increase the number of laborers in her own West India possessions, by encouraging the emigration of Negroes from Africa: and 2d. To bring about an abolition of Slavery in countries having tropical possessions-as, for instance, the United States, Texas, Spain, and Brazil.

In furtherance of the first object, viz: cheapening labor by increasing the number of laborers, Great Britain, in addition to a large number of Negroes brought over from Africa to the West Indies, has her eye likewise fixed upon Eastern and Central Africa, and upon her East India possessions. By the forty-fourth section of the English emancipation act, it is declared, that "It shall not extend to any of the territory in the possession of the East India Company, or the islands of Cey. lon or St. Helena." The whole of the English East India possessions are filled with Slaves, and the number is continually increasing. They are in a state of abject Slavery—are bought and sold as Slaves are in this country-and, altogether, their condition is infinitely worse than that of our

Slaves. Slaves in India are derived from a variety of sources, and belong to several classes: 1st The descendants of those who are taken prisoners in time of war. 2d. Persons kidnapped from the neighboring States. circumstances so low as to be considered out of the pale of the ordinary castes. 4th. Persons smuggled in from Africa.

3d. Persons born under

"Will it be believed that goverment itself participates in this description of property? that it actually holds possession of Slaves, and lets them out for hire to the cultivators of the country? The rent of a whole family being two faims, or half a rupee (about three dollars and fifty cents, the hire of a Slave and his whole family) per annum.

But what is the course of England in reference to Slavery and the Slave Trade in the West Indies? It might be supposed after the expenditure of so much money to abolish Slavery in her West India possessions, that Slavery there had entirely ceased, and that the Slave Trade had been effectually suppressed. But any one arriving at this conclusion, is certainly laboring under a very gross mistake. The Slave trade has actually been revived under a new form by the British Governmen' itself, and Slavery has been established under a form more oppressive than that which was abolished. * Asiatic Journal for 1838-p. 221.