In the free States and Territories, the number of free blacks in 1840 was 170,720, containing 1,189 insane and idiots, being one in every 143. This shows a vast difference, which must be accounted for in part upon the ground, that the Negro when free, indulges a wild excess of vice, which is totally incompatible with his physical well being. The Negro is not now, and probably never will be fit for freedom; he cannot govern, : and take care of himself, and in consequence, freedom is the greatest curse that could be inflicted upon him. The question, whether the Negro will ever be prepared for freedom may be somewhat difficult to decide. One thing at least is certain he has never yet been prepared, though he has been known as a distinct people for nearly four thousand years past. At any rate, one thing is true, that whether he is ever prepared for freedom or not, any sudden emancipation cannot be otherwise than the source of unmixed evil. If Slavery is ever to cease in the world, it must be by a gradual decay, in its operation almost imperceptible.

But I am somewhat diverging from the subject: there is one other consequence that would flow from emancipation, to which I wish to invite the attention of the reader for a few moments. It is

the belief of many well informed persons that the emancipation of our Negroes would lead to the destruction of the white population at the South, and the occupation of the whole country by the blacks. This proceeds upon the supposition that the black population would still continue to increase as at present, which is in a ratio greater than that of the white. Mr. Casey estimates the increase of the black population in the States of Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, and Georgia, for forty years, that is from 1790 to 1830, at the rate of one hundred and twelve compared to one hundred, whilst the white population in the same States, during the same period, has increased only in the proportion of eighty as compared to one hundred.

But there is no reason to apprehend that the black population, if emancipated, would increase as at present; the fact would be far otherwise: the ultimate extinction of the black race would be inevitable. The history of the world establishes one fact beyond all controversy, viz: that two rat ces differing in civilization, and possessing strongly marked physical, intellectual and moral peculiarities, cannot exist together and flourish on the same continent, unless the inferior race is in a state of Slavery. The superior race, by their superior

energy, industry and skill will monopolize the means of living; will get a controlling influence in all the affairs of the country, and the inferior race will decline in virtue, become idle, profligate and vicious, and will in consequence contract diseases which will soon lead to a decline, and to a final extinction of the race. Whenever the Indian race has come in contact with the white, they have melted away like snow before the sun. The once powerful race of savages on this continent, have dwindled to a handful, and not many ages will have passed away before every vestige of the Indian race will have disappeared from our coun try. Many tribes have disappeared altogether; it is estimated that there were four hundred different tribes on the continent of America a few centuries ago, there cannot now be a tenth of that number.

The present condition of the Sandwich Islands furnishes a most instructive example. These Is lands have been the scene of Missionary labors for a great number of years; great efforts have been made to improve the condition of the na tives; schools have been established, and a number of whites from the United States and other countries, have devoted their lives to the teaching of the native population. Yet, notwithstanding

all this, we have the following picture of their <condition from the pen of Dr. CHAPIN, who resided three years and a half on the Islands as a Missionary, and who certainly has no motive for › making incorrect statements on the subject.

"POPULATION.

-WhenCapt. Cook visited the Sandwich Islands in 1779, the population was estimated, and probably with correctness, at 400,000. According to a late census there are now about 135,000, making a decrease of 270,000 in the space of fifty-seven years; and it is computed by the Rev. W. T. Alexander, one of the Missionaries, who has with considerable pains, ascertained the births and deaths of a large section, that there are annually 6,838 deaths and 3,335 births on the group, making more than twice as many deaths as births. If this be correct, it will not seem incredible, that the population should have so greatly diminished, and that too in so short a period. And it will further appear that not many years will be required at this rate to depopulate the Islands of the native inhabitants."

The author continues:

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'Capt. Cook found the Sandwich Islanders living like all savage people, in habits of the greatest simplicity, seeking only the supply of their necessary wants, and in a climate requiring so little clothing, and with a soil producing spontaneously so many of their articles of consumption, that but little labor was requisite to satisfy every desire. They were then unacquainted with the

finite multitude of unnatural wants and practices which deteriorate mankind in all civilized lands. They were a hardy and athletic people. The process of alcoholic fermentation was indeed well understood by them, and they could make intoxicating drinks from a variety of vegetables, but they had not used them in such quantities and so frequently as to make drunkards of themselves. The reason of this devastation must then be looked for on the catalogue of changes and innovations introduced from abroad; and to the influence of visitors from enlightened and civilized countries, , chiefly from England and the United States, are to be attributed the great alteration in the native character, and this appalling diminution of their numbers. During the past fifty-seven years, the time since their first discovery, we ought, after making every allowance for losses by their wars, to find the population increased at least one-half. But instead of 600,000, there are now only 135,000, leaving an actual loss to the nation of 465,.000 inhabitants, chargeable directly to the cus toms and vices carried there from other places."

I must beg leave to make another extract from this interesting article, which is replete with interesting detail and instruction. Among the cau. ses which have led to the rapid decline of the native population of the Sandwich Islands, the author enumerates the following:

"The introduction of alcoholic liquors has produced its acustomed amount of wretchedness and