m' H=which Sam Sas 119 233 1-4 16k.! a Lov 242 b Lev 152 c Lev 1928 « Cp 107 e Ct 1913 f Lev 1531 6-8 L7ge 3djec y Lov 65 h Lev 66. 9 Liijl i Lev 222 -31 Liij 73 in the tent of meeting, 40 even those that were numbered of them, by their 42 And those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, 46 All those that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of Israel numbered, by their families, and by their fathers' houses, 47 from thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entered in to do the work of service, and the work of bearing burdens in the tent of meeting, 48 even those that were numbered of them, were eight thousand and five hundred and fourscore. 49 According to the commandment of Yahweh they were numbered "by the hand of Moses, overy one according to his service, and "according to his burden: thus were they numbered of him, "'as Yahweh commanded Moses. c 167b 51 And Yahweh "spake unto Moses, saying, 2 "Command the children a 1851 of Israel, that they put out of the camp every "leper, and every one that b 103 hath an 'issue, and whosoever is unclean by the dead: 3 both male and female shall ye put out, "without the camp shall ye put them; that they d 120 'defile not their camp, in the midst whereof 'I 'dwell. 4 And the children. of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp: as Yahweh spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel. m 5 NL And Yahweh spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, "When a 'man 11 NL And Yahweh spake unto Moses, saying, 12 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto 419 M Or, according to his burden and his duty, as dc.-Cp Dillm in loc, who compares Ex 3821. 51 This paragraph seems to presuppose the provisions contained in Lev 13-15, though it may conceivably embody in a prior form (cp the parallels with Ph) the principle there worked out. The phrase in the midst of which I dwell' 3 recalls Lov 1531N 2611, and suggests that if this be not a passage inserted from an earlier source, at least the editor has caught the spirit of his older models when he added this supplement to connect their provisions with the camp of Num 1-3. 5 The contents of 5-10 fall into two divisions. 6b-8 is an obvious supplement to Lev 514-67, and provides for the case where the injured person is absent or dead, and there is no kinsman to receive the compensation, which is therefore assigned to the priest. In 9. a general principle is enunciated concerning the priestly right to the sacred gifts cp Lev 77-10 31-36 and Laws 11jl. The rare phrase 'holy things of the children of Israel' points to a possible derivation from Ph. 11 The section which contains the remarkable procedure ordained in case of marital jealousy is supposed by many to be 94 f 54" g 189a based upon earlier materials. This view rests rather on a sense of archaic flavour in the rite than on any distinctive marks of style. The phraseology is throughout that of P, and only faint echoes of Ph are to be heard in 12 and 20. As a whole the law must be placed with other early sections of P, which seem to be intrinsically older both in form and matter than P. But the further question arises whether the present text is not a combination of two distinct though kindred ordinances. The common phenomena of amalgamation seem clearly present: two inconsistent situations are run together: they are discriminated first by diversities of conception, and these in turn disclose distinctive varieties of diction. The evidence for this view will be best appreciated after a comparison of the two sources (distinguished as A and B) conjecturally rearranged in parallel columns, with analytical notes and references. The separation proposed by Stade (ZATW 1895 166-78) has been followed in the main, but the division set forth here endeavours to avoid some difficulties to which his distribution was exposed. It will be seen by the frequency of the harmonist's phrases that the fusion has been fairly complete. j 19. 29 Prov 415 725+ 19. Gen 342 H I Lev 1516 H m Lev 413 52-4+ n Gen 345 oh masc ct 30 fem p Lev 511 them, If any man's wife 'go aside, and commit a 'trespass against him, 13 and But it is hard to rosist the evidenco for compilation. The law as it stands really contains two views of the incriminated woman in one scheme it is proposed to ascertain whether she is innocent or guilty: in the other her guilt needs no demonstration, but only draws down on her the priestly doom. Thus the conclusion of B 27. makes it clear that there is a real alternative, 'defiled' or 'clean': and the title, easily reconstructed out of the present colophon 29., is equally plain. In A, on the other hand, both conclusion 31 and introduction 12 13ac imply only guilt, and the water is not a method of ordeal but a mere instrument of the curse 21 23.. The distinction readily discerned between A's 'offering of memorial' and B's jealousy offering' supports the contention, which is further sustained by the copious parallels and contrasts exhibited below. In 13 the different genders of the verbs 'hid' (masc) and 'kept close' (fem), indistinguishable in our translation, seem best explained as the result of this amalgamation. In the same verse it is probable that some hint has fallen out by which in A the discovery of the wife's pregnancy was a sure sign of guilt. Otherwise the two sources are nearly entire. In the following arrangement the phrases in small italics are assigned to the harmonist. A (Defiled and cursed, a con demnation.) 11 And Yahweh spake unto Moses, saying, 12 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him, 13a and a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, 130 and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken in the act 15 then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and shall bring her oblation for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no 'oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is a meal offering of jealousy, a meal offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance. 18 And the priest shall set the woman before Yahweh, and let the hair of the woman's head go loose, and put the meal offering of memorial in her hands, which is the meal offering of jealousy: and the priest shall have in his hand the water of bitterness that causeth the curse: 21 then the priest shall cause the woman to swear with the oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, Yahweh make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when Yahweh doth make thy thigh to fall away, and thy belly to swell. 23 And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out into the water of bitterness: 24 and he shall make the B (Defiled or clean, a test.) 20 This is the law of jealousy, A .. B woman drink the water of weh, 26b and afterward shall bitterness that causeth the curse: usl make the woman drink tho water. 27 And when he hath made her drink the water, then it shall come to pass, if she be defiled, and have committed a trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall fall away. 28 And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then sheshall be free, and shall conceive seed. R the water that causeth the curse shall 14 And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife. The subjoined table of parallels exhibits the correspondences and contrasts in the order of their occurrence in A: the most striking will be found in fgijl, the last-named requiring the woman to drink the water twice according to the present text. A B a 'If any man's wife... 12 .(איש איש) j'The priest shall say unto the woman, Yahweh make thee cp 27b, no alternative being given cp 12 31 where the woman's guilt is assumed. k 'Give thy thigh falling away and thy belly swelling' $21 And he shall make the woman drink the water of bitterness' 24. a 'When a wife...' 29. b'Being under her husband, goeth aside' 29 19.. c Lien with thee' 19. (13 19. all different in §). d'It be kept close' 18b. e 'He shall set the woman before Yahweh, and the priest... 30. Meal offering of jealousy' 25 15r 18 cp 'law of jealousy' 29, 'spirit of jealousy' 30 14ab g The priest shall bring her near, and set her before Yahweh' 16 h The offering taken from her 'hand' 25. iThe water that causeth the curse' 19 22 27 18 24 prepared 17. j'The priest shall cause her to swear, and say unto the woman' 19 cp 21r, an alternative being expressly proposed cp 27. and 29. as reconstructed. k Belly (to) swell and thigh (to) fall away 22 27. 26b 7' And afterward shall make 14 seems due to R, and is accordingly eliminated; the cum- JE P P : shall "pour no oil upon it, nor put 'frankincense thereon; for it is a "meal causeth the curse shall enter into her [and become] bitter. 25 And the 61 NL And Yahweh "spake unto Moses, saying, 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto 517 Tent of meeting. As this term is not elsewhere used in the original text of the priestly teaching (cp Ex 251N) its appearance here is hardly original. 19 20 M Or, with another instead of thy husband. See Ezek 235 Rom 72. 21ab M Or, adjuration. 29 M Or, goeth aside with another instead of her husband. 61 The Law of the Nazirite betrays no special dependence upon P except in the thrice repeated allusion to the 'door of the tent of meeting' 10 13 18, which may not be original (or may belong to the older view of the sanctuary cp Ex 251N), the 'basket of unleavened bread' &c 15 (only in Ex 29 Lev 8). The ritual terminology 19., offer,' with the various kinds of sacrifices, and the appropriate offerings, conforms closely to the type of Lev 1-7. 2a M That is, one separated or consecrated. 4 M Or, consecration. Or, Naziriteship. head until the days be fulfilled, in the which he 'separateth himself unto 9 And if any man die very "suddenly beside him, and he "defile the head of his separation; then he shall "shave his head in the day of his "cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it. 10 And on the eighth day he shall bring 'two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the 'door of the tent of meeting: 11 and the priest shall offer one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make atonement for him, for that he sinned by reason of the 'dead, and shall 'hallow his head that same day. 12 And he shall 'separate unto Yahweh the days of his separation, and shall bring a 'he-lamb of the first year 'for a guilt offering: but the former days shall be void, because his separation was defiled. 13 And this is the law of the Nazirite, when the days of his separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the 'door of the tent of meeting: 14 and he shall offer his oblation unto Yahweh, one 'he-lamb of the first year 'without blemish for a burnt offering, and one 'ewe-lamb of the first year without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings, 15 and a "basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and their meal offering, and their drink offerings. 16 And the priest shall present them before Yahweh, and shall "offer his sin offering, and his burnt offering: 17 and he shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings unto Yahweh, with the "basket of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also the meal offering thereof, and the drink offering thereof. 18 And the Nazirite shall "shave the head of his separation at the 'door of the tent of meeting, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it on the fire which is under the sacrifice of peace offerings. 19 And the priest shall take the "sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the "basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazirite, after he hath shaven [the head] of his separation: 20 and the priest shall "wave them for a wave offering before Yahweh; this is holy for the priest, together with the "wave breast and heave "thigh and after that the Nazirite may drink wine. 21 This is the law of the Nazirite who voweth, [and of] his oblation unto Yahweh for his separation, "beside that which he is able to get: 'according to his vow which he voweth, so he must do after the law of his separation. 620 M Or, shoulder. NL L : 22 And Yahweh "spake unto Moses, saying, 23 Speak unto 'Aaron and unto his sons, saying, On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel; "ye shall say unto them, 24 Yahweh bless thee, and "keep thee: 25 Yahweh "make his face to shine" upon thee, and be "gracious unto thee: 26 Yahweh "lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace. 27 So shall they put my name upon the children of Israel; and 'I will bless them. P 71 NL And it came to pass on the "day that Moses had made an end of 22 In the absence of any contrary indication, this paragraph is most naturally assigned to Ps, but the actual formula of benediction 24-26 is presumably much older. The distinctive linguistic affinities are, as is natural, rather with the devotional literature of the Psalter than with the legal or narrative styles of the Pentateuch. 71 It is generally agreed that 1-88 belongs in its entirety to the latest stratum of P. The date in 1 10 attaches the ' dedication of the altar' to Ex 402 17 so that chronologically it should precede Num 1 (cp Num ad init). Yet the distribution of the gifts 5-9 implies the functions of the Levitical clans as arranged in 4, while the order of the tribes is that of the camp described in 2, so that the arrangements laid down in 1-4 are throughout presupposed. Moreover the circumlocution is carried to the utmost possible extent. Apart from one or two additional b Ex 409 C2 Chron 76H d Is 6620† € 428 33 415 g Ex 4010 h 47 Ex 2529 i 414 Ex 273 Ex 3013 k Ex 292 1 Ex 2529 m Ex 2938 ud|A 6ob b 54b 131 d 66 1181 f 165 g 115b 118b "setting up the "Dwelling, and had anointed it and 'sanctified it, and all 14 9 But 1 12 m 88€ 12 And he that offered his oblation the first day was Nahshon the son of Amminadab, of the tribe of Judah: 13 and his oblation was one silver "charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty [shekels), one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meal offering; one golden 'spoon of ten [shekels], full of "incense; 15 one young bullock, one ram, one "he-lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering; one male of the goats for a sin offering; 17 and for the sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five he-lambs of the first year: this 188b was the oblation of Nahshon the son of Amminadab. 10 18 On the second day Nethanel the son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, did 24 On the third day Eliab the son of Helon, prince of the children of 30 On the fourth day Elizur the son of Shedeur, prince of the children of variations in the first two sections 12-17 18-23, the same formula, consisting of 118 English words, is repeated for each of the twelve tribes, with the alteration of only six words for the n 951 number of the day and the name and tribe of the prince. |