in pay; the English and Scotch armies both dissbanded. The Irish rebellion and massacre. The Commons vote to put the Kingdom in a posture of defence; they seize on the King's treasures, forts, fleets, and magazines; they muster the city militia, and raise an army: the two parties meet at Edge-hill, and engage: both claim the victory, 1642. The King gains an advantage over the enemy at Newbury, 1643. The King's troops defeated at Marston Moor.

OLIVER CROMWELL is made Lieutenant-gene ral of the parliament's troops. The King is totally defeated at Naseby. He puts himself into the power of the Scotch army. The Scots deliver him up to the parliament. The army get him into their power. He escapes into the Isle of Wight. Hammond, the Governor, betrays him to the parliament, 1647. The Commons resolve to try the King, and appoint a court for that purpose, who sentence him to death, 1649.

Charles I. was born at Dumfermline, in 1600, beheaded January 30th, and buried at Windsor.

CHARLES II. became King of England upon the death of his father; but he enjoyed only the title, until the year 1660. Monarchy abolished by the Commons. Cromwell made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland he takes Drogheda by storm, puts the whole garrison, 3000 men to the sword, and massacres every man, woman, and child of the Irish in the town. King Charles goes to Scotland. Cromwell is made Captain-general, and defeats the Scots at Dunbar. King Charles enters England with an army; Cromwell follows him, overtakes him at Worcester, and totally defeats him. The parliament quarrels with the Dutch, and Admiral Blake beats the Dutch fleet under Dewitt. Van Trump totally defeats

and disperses Blake's fleet, 1652.

Blake obtains a great victory over Van Trump. He engages the English fleet commanded by Monk; the fight lasts two days; the English are victorious. Monk and Blake totally defeat Van Trump, who is killed in the action. Cromwell is named Protector, 1653. Jamaica taken by the English, 1655. Cromwell dies. Richard, his son, is proclaimed Lord Protector, 1658. Desborough, with a strong party, demands of him to dissolve the parliament, which he does, and the officers of the army seize the Government: they send to General Monk in Scotland inviting him to join with them; he marches into England, comes to London, receives a letter from King Charles, which he answers favourably. The King returns, enters London, May 29th, 1660.

The Royal Society established. The King marries Catharine, the Infanta of Portugal, 1662. A great plague in London, of which died nearly 70,000 persons. The Dutch and English fleets fight for four days; neither party has any advantage. They engage again; the English obtain the victory. A fire breaks out in London, which destroys 13,200 dwelling houses, besides churches, public buildings, &c. in all 400 streets, 1666. The King formed a secret alliance with France. His cabinet council was called the Cabal, from the first letters of the peers' names that composed it, viz. Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, Lauderdale.

John Milton died, aged 67, 1674. The statue at Charing Cross erected. Titus Oates informs of the Popish plot, charges the Queen with being concerned, 1678. Dangerfield examined concerning the meal-tub plot, 1679. Information concerning a popish plot, in Ireland, 1680. The King takes away the charter of the city of London. The

Rye-house plot. Lord Russel beheaded. Algernon Sidney beheaded for writing a treasonous libel, though without publishing it.

Charles II. died at Whitehall, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, 1685.

JAMES II. brother and heir to Charles II. is proclaimed King; goes publicly to mass two days after. Titus Oates convicted of perjury, and sentenced to be fined, pilloried, and imprisoned for life. The Duke of Monmouth proclaimed King at Taunton Dean, defeated at Sedgemore, taken and beheaded. Great cruelties exercised by chief Justice Jefferies and General Kirk on Monmouth's adherents in the West.

Seven bishops sent to the Tower for not countenancing the King's measures in favour of popery; they are tried in the King's bench, and acquitted. Several English Noblemen and Gentlemen go over to the Prince of Orange, who sails from Holland, and lands at Torbay. King James is deserted by all his friends. The Prince of Orange comes to Windsor, orders the King from Whitehall, who goes to Rochester, under a Dutch guard, and sails for France, 1688.

The parliament vote that King James has abdicated the Government. They therefore choose the Prince and Princess of Orange, King and Queen of England.

HOUSE OF ORANGE.

WILLIAM III. and MARY proclaimed King and Queen. The Bill of Rights passed. King James, with a body of French, lands in Ireland; besieges Londonderry, King William defeats him on the banks of the Boyne in Ireland, enters Dublin, besieges Limerick, but is vigorously repulsed, and forced to raise the Siege, 1690. The battle of Aughrim is fought in Ireland where the Irish are defeated, and their French General, St. Ruth, killed. Limerick is again besieged, and surrenders on articles of capitulation, 1691. The English

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and Dutch fleets under Admiral Russel defeat the French fleet under Tourville, and destroy at La Hogue and other places, twenty-one of their largest men of war; the English lost not one ship, 1692.

Macdonald and a great many Highlanders massacred in cold blood, by the English troops, at Glencoe, in Scotland. The French fleet under Tourville defeats the English under Admiral Rooke. Twelve English and Dutch men of war, and above eighty merchantmen, taken and destroyed by the French, 1693. A conspiracy discovered, called the Assassination plot. Eddistone light-house, near Plymouth, was begun by the corporation of the Trinity-house. The second treaty of partition; in violation of which the court of France declares the Duke of Anjou, King of Spain, 1700. The Elector of Brandenburgh crowned King of Prussia. The succession to the crown of England settled, in case of King William's demise, upon the Princess Anne of Denmark, afterwards Queen Anne. The

Duchess of Savoy, daughter to the Princess Henrietta, who was daughter of King Charles I. pretests against this settlement. James II. dies in France. The French King proclaims his son King of England, by the name of James III.

King William was thrown from his horse, and broke his collar bone: he dies, aged fifty-two, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, 1702.

ANNE, daughter of James II. is proclaimed Queen. The Earl of Marlborough made Captaingeneral. The Queen declares war against France and Spain. Five captains of Benbow's squadron tried for cowardice at Port Royal. Sir George Rooke, with the English and Dutch fleets, attacks the French fleets and the Spanish galleons in the port of Vigo, in Spain; takes four galleons and five large men of war. The Dutch take five galleons and one man of war. Six other galleons and fourteen men of war were destroyed. Sir Cloudesley Shovel was left to destroy the ships that could not be got off; he brought away with him 110 brass cannon, and followed the grand fleet, a few days after. Captain Leake destroyed the French settlements in Newfoundland, took twenty-nine sail of the enemy, and burned twenty-two.

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The Duke of Marlborough is ordered from Flanders into Germany: he joins Prince Lewis of Baden, and defeats the Bavarians at Schellenberg. Gibraltar taken in three days, chiefly by the seamen of the fleet. This assault is counted one of the boldest and most difficult that ever was made. The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene engaged the French and Bavarians, under the Elector of Bavaria, Marshal Tallard, and Marshal Marsin, near Blenheim, and obtained a complete victory. Marshal Tallard, and above