Q. Is fuch a "procedure" juftified by of reproach, or by wishes for their def respectable precedents ?

A. It is the republics, both in France and England; the reigns of the Edwards, and the Henrys.-of Richard third-of queen Mary-of the whole line of the Stuarts and alfo the records of the ftarchamber, furnish a variety of precedents in favour of fuch a compulfory uniformity--precedents, which had been buried under the ruft of time, and are therefore venerable for their antiquity.

Q. What is liberty of fpeech?

A. It is the liberty of speaking well of the prefent adminiftration, (Mr. Burr excepted) and of all who have obtained, or fhall obtain offices under it, in whatever ways or by whatever means.

[TO BE CONTINUED.]

Selected.

FROM THE CHARLESTON COURIER.

WHAT Doctor Johnfon is related by Bofwell to have faid of Foote, the celebrated mimic, may be applied with fome truth to the democrats. "If you get him pin

ned up in a corner, (faid the Doctor) he "is ftill fure to efcape-he is fure either "to flip between your legs or leap over

your head." Thus it is with them, when they find one line of conduct unpalatable to the people, they immediately af fume another, making up the deficiency of principle and wifdom with cunning, or as the old fable has it, eking out the lion's hide with the fox's tail.

truction-fuch as "antifederalim trium-
phant"-" the fun of federalifm has fet"-

Communication.

A READER of the Balance, in the fecond Ode communicated from Lee, (Mafs.) has remarked the following lines, the two laft of which he thinks to be very incorrect in point of fentiment.

"See on Albion's boasted isle,
"Sorrow heaves the breast of toil;
Slavery there in triumph reigns,
"Millions slumber o'er their chains."

an infamous tederal meeting," &c. &c.!! And furely it can never be forgotten, that Washington was the perpetual, never failing theme of their reproach, cenfure, invective and abhorrence. Can the invectives poured forth upon that illuflrious character, in certain papers, whose names we purpofely omit, by perfons enjoying the favour, the patronage and the rewards of that party, and the great man who heads it, be forgotten by Americans? Can In this land of boasted freedom, there the rewards befowed upon the author of are nearly fix hundred thousand flaves, the Profpect before Us be forgotten? who are bought and fold like cattle: in Can it poffibly be overlooked or loft, in the the inland of Great-Britain, there is much fhort fpace of a few months, that the people poverty, much beggary, contrafled with were fuppofed to be fo harped up to the boundless wealth and luxury; but there is tune of anti-federalifm, (that is to fay to there no flavery-the moment a negro hoftility to federalifm) by the acts of the flave lands on that ifland, he is freeparty, that the fon-in-law of the trufles of The government of Great-Britain is partthat conflitution-of the man who is boundly monarchical, partly ariftocratical, and by his official duty to fupport and preferve it partly democratical. The king himself of its chief magiftrate-in a word, of our is bound by fixed laws; and the people Prefident, thought it good policy to ftate, are not vaffals or flaves, as in an abfolute in a cajoling addrefs to a diftrict which he monarchy; but they are fubjects, and are wifhed to reprefent, that he would have poffeffed of many invaluable rights and privileges.

the conftitution altered.

In the end, however, they found themfelves mistaken, they found that they were going too far-that the people neither fell in with their opinions, nor fympathifed

Would the writer with that the "millions" in the British ifland, who are "lumbering o'er their chains," fhould, as lately in France, arife in all their dreadand become a democracy ?-Alas! they ful might, deftroy the prefent government, once tried this experiment, to their infi another Cromwell, or another Bonaparte, nite coft: and if they should try it again, would foon fill the throne of George.

Balance Closet.

THE REIGN OF TERROR.

IT is with reluctance that we again mention the trial of the junior editor of this paper. A communi. cation in the Bee of last week, must be our apology. One great object of the writer of that communica tion seems to be, to convince the public, that the trial of Croswell was impartial. Why that point should be so much laboured, before any impeach ment either against the Chief Justice or the Attor

with their unnatural hatreds-that after all they loved Washington & the federal conftitution. Then what do they do? Why, like an army of well trained foldiers, they wheel abour, to the tap of a drum from head quarters" To the right about face! quick march," is the word-and the whole anti-federal line, from St. Mary's to St, Croix, in a forced march retreat and enIt must be remembered that the party to deavour to push their adverfaries by furwhich we allude did, one and all, with their prife from the frong holds of federalism, whole might oppofe the adoption of the and to take poil there themfelves. To federal conftitution: That after it was a- fpeak lefs figuratively, they now affert→→→ dopted, they inceffantly oppofed the per- only reflect upon it reader! that they are fons whofe wifdom and industry had carri- the only true friends of federalifm. Ard ed it through; That the head of that par- they alfo fpeak-readers again reflect upon ty, in a letter to a foreigner, ftigmatized it it-and chatter about the wikednels of by the name of an anglo-monarcho arifto- thofe (meaning the federalift) who would cratic government, and other terms of con- destroy the federal conftitution--the con tempt and diflike--and that every thing the Atitution of the great and illuftrious party dare to do has been done to fritter it WASHINGTON-What a fet! that of the away. It must be remembered that the whole host of them who wrote publickly,ney-General was preferred, is extraordinary. Was name of Federalift, which the party en- and privately inveighed against that favdeavour to have confidered as a term of iour of his country, TOM PAINE, aye vilé reproach, was the name beftowed on reader, even TOM PAINE himself, is the the friends and forwarders of that conflitu. only one who has the fincerity fill to ation; and that the term Anti-Federalift vow his abhorence and contempt for fpeaks for itfelf, being affumed by them WASHINGTON. Thus then, tofs them up when they did not think it their intereft, as as you will, they will fill fall upon the ir they do now, to conceal their hoftility to it. legs, like that green-eyed, fpring-nail'd, It must be remembered, for many months velvet paw'd, demure, infidious, fourhave not elapfed fince the words federal, legged brother philofopher, whom they fo federalift, and federalism were never men-intimately refemble in temper and difpo. tioned unaccompanied with the worl kind Gition.

there something which whispered the writer, that the public were not satisfied with the mode in which the trial was conducted? The solicitude of this wri ter speaks a language too plain to be misunderstood.

For ourselves, we frankly confess we dare not speak all the truth. We dare not say what we think. We scarcely dare to give a correct history of this trial, lest it should be the occasion of a new indictment. We are well convinced, that the author of the communication in the Bee, is determined on the

destruction of the Balance; and that in future, 25 heretofore, he will personally and officially use all

But let us hope that no indictment will follow, if we should speak with truth of the motives, which have influenced a resort to a law which, according to our adversaries, adopts this principle, “that the greater the truth, the greater is the libel." We will, for argument sake, suppose this doctrine correct. Let us here then entreat those who have memories, to recollect what was said three years ago against the Sedition Act. That act differed from the cornmon law, under which Croswell was tried, in three material points.

First. It permitted the truth to be given in evidence as a justification.

Secondly. It limited the discretion of the judge as to the amount of the fine,

The following insolent and abusive toasts, drank on the late anniversary of our Independence, appear in the Aurora, the only paper, over which Mr. Jefferson pretends to have absolute controul.

"The liberty of the Prefs--may the man who would attempt to invade it, be

Agricultural.

FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM.

ON SHEARING LAMBS.

THE

HE following fact is recommended to the attention of farmers: a few weeks fince were fhorn in the town of Stratham, ftate of New-Hampfhire, from nine lambs, twelve pounds of wool-a good part of which would make yarn fit for almost any ufe. Did this practice become general, it would, while it relieved the animal from a cumbrous load, be to the owner a valuable faving. In the ftate of New-Hampshire, there are, on an average, one thousand lambs to each town: thefe lambs, if fhorn, would yield, at the above rate, about fourteen hundred pounds of wool; that wool might make two thoufand eight hundred yards of cloth, which would be worth nine hundred dollars.

Philadelphia, Aug. 18, 1803.

Bonitorial Department.

To aid the cause of virtue and religion.

FOR THE BALANCE.

MYTHOLOGY OF THE EAST INDIANS.

MENU, the fon of Brahma, thus

begins his addrefs to the fages of the Eaft, who confulted hiin on the formation of the world.

"The world, fays Menu, was all dark nefs, undifcernable, undiftinguifhable, altogether as in a profound fleep; till the felf exiftent, invifible God, making it man. ifeft with five elements and other glorious forms, perfectly difpelled the gloom. He, defining to raife up various creatures by an emanation from his own glory, firft created the waters, and impreffed thein with a power of motion; by that power was produced a golden egg, blazing like a thoufand funs, in which was born Brahma, felf exifting, the great parent of all rational beings. The waters are called nara,

fince they are the offspring of Nera, and
thence was Narrayana named, because
his first ayana, or moving, was on them.

"That which is the invifible cause, e-
ternal, felf-exifting, but unperceived, be-
coming mafculine from neuter, is cele-
brated among all creatures by the name of
Brahma. That God, having dwelled in
the egg, through revolving years, himfelf
meditating on himfelf, divided it into two
equal parts; and from thofe halves form-
ed the heavens and the earth, placing in
the midst of the fubtile ether the eight
points of the world, and the permanent re-
ceptacle of waters."

There are cogent reafons, exclufive of the teftimony of the Sacred Book, to inthe teftimony of the Sacred Book, to induce a belief that the Eaft was the cradle of man, or that he there begun his exiftence and the foregoing Indian account. of the creation, which had been derived from immemorial tradition, bears a refemblance to the following paffages of fcrip

ture.

The first of Genefis," than which a fublimer paffage never flowed or will flow from any pen," declares, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep and the fpirit of God moved upon the face of the waters; and God faid let there be light-and there was light." The Apoftle Peter fpeaks of the word of God producing the earth, "flanding out of the water, and in the water.' And the gofpel of John begins with these words, "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things were made by him," &c.Thus the earlieft tradition accords, tho' in an obfcure manner with divine revelation.

Miscellany.

SARATOGA SPRINGS.

"

A NUMBER of years ago, there was publifhed, at Philadelphia, the following account of experiments actually made on the mineral waters of Saratoga.

vulfive motions-made to pant for breath -and laftly to lofe entirely the power to cry or move; when taken out, he was too weak to ftand; but soon, in the com. mon air, acquired ftrength enough to rife and ftagger away.

A trout recently caught, and brifkly fwimming in a pail of brook water, was carefully put into a veffel juft filled from the fpring the fish was inftantly agitated with violent convulfions, gradually loft the capacity to move and poize itlelf, grew ftupid and infenfible, and in a few minutes was dead.

A candle repeatedly lighted and let down near the surface of the water, was fuddenly extinguifhed, and not a veftige of light or fire remained on the wick.

The aforementioned experiments (this writer obferves) nearly correfpond with thofe ufually made in Italy, at the famous Grotto del Cani, for the entertainment of travellers; as mentioned by Keyfter, Ad difon, and others.

A bottle filled with the water and fhak. en, emits fuddenly a large quantity of 2. rial matter, that either forces out of the cork, or makes a way befide or through it, or bursts the veflel.

A quantity of wheaten flour, moistened with this water, and kneaded into dough,, when made into cakes and put into a bak ing pan, rofe, during the application of heat, into light and fpungy bread, without the aid of yeast or leaven. From which it appears, (fays the writer,) that the air extricated from the water, is precifely fimilar to that produced by ordinary fer mentation,

The waters of the Saratoga Springs are very cold; whereas thofe of New-Leba non are warm; the latter are famous fr having wrought cures, efpecially in theat matifms, ftiff joints, fcabby eruptions, vi ceral obftructions and indigeftions. 1 confumptive people and to the conflit. tions or habits which are prone to inflama tions, the mineral fprings are faid to be prejudicial.

FROM THE PORT FOLIO.

DR. BARROW, in his excellent El fay on Education, remarks, that in "ShenA young turkey, held a few inches a dan's lectures on the art of reading," bove the water in the crater of the lower compliment to the English language fpring, was thrown into convulfions injuft, fo claffical, and fo confonant to b lefs than half a minute; and, gafping, own fentiments, that he cannot deny hit fhewed figns of approaching death: but felf the fatisfaction of quoting, nor the rea on removal from that place and exposure er the benefit of perufing it. On enqu to the fresh air, it revived and became ry, it would be found, fays he, that proba lively. bly in no language in the world, have the vowels, dipthongs, femi-vowels and mutes been fo happily blended, and in fuch duc proportion to conftitute the three great

A fmall dog, put into the fame cavity, and made to breathe the contained air, was in less than one minute thrown into con

powers oi fpeech: melody, harmony, and have few other markets. Let the colonies have few other markets. Let the colonies || his fettlement produces beyond his firft neexpreffion. Upon a fair comparifon, it refule lumber, from the north, fpirits from ceffaries. ceffaries. He muft, at the fame time, would appear that the French have cmaf- grain, apples, &c. will imn.ediately belive with the ftricteft economy, for having culated their tongue, by rejecting fuch fubftituted to thofe from fugar, becaufe nothing to offer in exchange, he receives numbers of their confonants, and made it the price of rum would immediately be fcarcely any thing from the mother counresemble one of their painted courtezans, higher. Then it will be that every fort of try, and the nature of the foutherly cli adorned with frippery. That the Ger-commerce between them and the colonies mates requires very few of the articles neman, by abounding too much in harsh gut- will ceafe, unlefs it be for provifions, ceffary in Europe. It is therefore, beturals and confonants, has great fize and which they will neceffarily require to beyond all doubt, that, as to the prefent emfrength, like the statue of Hercules Far-paid for in money, or in what will pafs in igrant, the few articles furnifhed him by mefe, but no grace. That the Roman, like French manufactures will not cover the lofs the buft of Antinous, is beautiful, indeed, which the nation will fuftain of his own but not manly. That the Italian has beaulabour; befides, he will confume much ty, grace, and fymmetry, like the Venus lefs in America than he would in France, of Medicis, but is feminine; and that the and befides his labour, the manufactures, English alone resembles the ancient Greek, who fupplied his wants in both countries, in uniting the three powers of ftrength will be a lofer by his emigration. beauty, and grace, like the Appollo of Belvidere.

State Paper.

LOUISIANA.

MR. LIVINGSTON'S MEMORIAL.

[CONTINUED.]

IT may, therefore, be faid that the colonies have from the United States, lumber for nothing. Should, on the contrary, a

fettlement be formed in Louisiana for the

fupplying of that article, every expenfe and outlet of this eftablishment, all the labour neceffary to cut, faw, and tranfport it to the place where it is to be fold, would be a real lofs for the nation, even admitting that the cutters and other men employed, fhould take, as payment, molaffes and rum; because their labour would produce nothing to the nation.

But it is certain that Louisiana could not furnish a market for molaffes or rum. It is only in N. England, (Northern States,) that those articles are confumed.-The inhabitants of the South prefer ardent fpirits diftilled from grain, apples, and peaches, to thofe diftilled from molasses.

On the fuppofition, therefore, that the planters fupply themfelves with lumber, in a French colony, exclufively at Louifiana, they could be forced to pay for it in money or objects of real value. If the right of fupply is not exclufive, it is null, because the labourer of a fouthen climate cannot work as cheap as the robust son of the north.

It might be thought that molaffes would flill find a market in New-England, though it were no longer the price of lumber.-I would be an error. They have no other reafon to take it than its being offered them in exchange for an article for which they

foreign markets, for money.

The fecond reason why France ought not to get her lumber from Louisiana, ven though the might do it, is, that, in cafe of war, fuppofing England fho ild preferve her naval fuperiority, no iure calculations could be made upon receiving provifions; and they could not be supplied Black population will ftill lefs contrifrom the United States, for that commerce, bute to the fupport of French manufachaving been abandoned fince the peace, tures, because their confumption in artithofe whom it then employed have fought cles of drefs is very fmall; and even in other objects of induftry; and faw-mills, South-Carolina it does not amount to more erected to prepare that lumber, are out of than forty livers a year for each negro. ufe, and will not easily be fet up again, at At Louisiana, where the winter is ftill lefs the renewal of hoftilities, fo that the mil-fevere, it will be reduced in proportion; fortunes which are the confequence of it it will confift in cotton, principally workwould be doubly diftrefling to the colo-ed in the country, and fill more fmuggled from the United States. But if the whole It is therefore very evident the coloniz-were brought from France, after deducting ing of Louisiana would, in a commercial the raw materials which must be purchas point of view, be very injurous to France, ed, the whole profit of the French manufac because it would employ capitals which turer will not amount to more than thirty would be more usefully employed in the would be more ufefully employed in the livres for each negro, every year. Now, other colonies; because those capitals would lie dormant for feveral years, and because admitting they fhould become productive for individuals, they would add nothing to the national mass, and would have no other effect than to lower the price of colonial produce, and leffen the profits of their labour.

nies.

It might however be thought, that the
poffeffion of Louifiana would afford one
more market to French manufactories, and
thus compenfate the expenfe of the nation
for its fettlement. This queftion deferves
a particular examination, and the provif. ||
ioning or the confumption of French man-
ufactures may relate either to the free or
bond population.

If it be the free clafs that is to be muf.
tered by emigrants from France, it will be
compofed of that portion of the people,
which not only could fupport themselves.
in France, but befides, increafe the nation-
al riches by their induftry. For France is
not overburthened by her population, and
confequently every emigration will form
a vacuum fomewhere, or abandoned fome
ufeful branch which will no longer be car.
ried on. The emigrant carries away with
him a portion of the general good, in the
mals of the productive labor of the mother
country; he alfo carries away with him a
portion of the capital, for he never goes
with empty hands; and, as I have already
obferved, ten years must pass away before

as each flave will coft the nation 1000 livres, and as this capital would have produced, in France, at leaft 10 per cent. in every other commerce or manufacture, the difference between 100 livres French produce, and 30 livres, produce of the Louifiana clothing, gives the real lofs to be fuftained by the French in the firft ten years, during which they can only, as I have faid before, fupply their firft wants, if fo much; and as a certain number muft die by the change of climate, and a number will run. away, the real lofs of France on every flave imported and employed in Louisiana must be 100 livres every year.

But if we add to this, the profit which this flave could have furnished if tranfvery ported to the islands, (and it is certain that all the flaves carried to Louifiana are fo many hands taken from the iflands,) we fhall find that the actual lofs of the nation, in the interruption of labour, will amount to upwards of 600 livres per annum; so that the firft lofs of the nation, in the introduction of 1000 flaves to Louisiana, will be 600,000 livres. It is true, that if peace continues, and, if in oppofition to expectation, the colony fhould profper, the rich planters will make a great confumption of French goods, but that of the flaves will ever be very fmall, and their labour without profit, becaufe, as I have already obferved, being employed to cultivate articles which the islands can more eafily fupply

habitants to their wines and manufactures, it could only be by putting New-Orleans into their hands, with the referve, that it fhall ever be a free port for French veffels and goods, without being fubjected to any other duties than those paid by the Americans. By this means, the American merchants, fettled at New-Orleans, may be interested in their commerce; inftead of going to England, their capitals will go to France: the latter will have all the advantages of a colony without the expence of fupporting it, and the money which American activity obtained from the Spaniards would go to France, for England which has not the fame means and which pays higher duties, could not fupply thofe goods at fo low a rate.

But fhould France on the other hand refolve to keep the island, a great propor. tion of the capitals of the commerce of New-Orleans, which are especially in the hands of the English and Americans, will naturally take the courfe which the United States fhall fix, and that must be a rival place of commerce with New-Orleans, which being rid of the vexations confequent upon a military government, at a diftance from the fovereign, will draw, in fpite of all the difadvantages of its fituation, the whole commerce of which the other is at this day the centre.

The boundaries eftablifhed between Spain and the United States and very lately between the Englifh and Spanish poffeffions, have deprived the inhabitants of Louisiana of their fur trade, which it must be confeft was not, nor ever could be, very important, as the peltry of the fouth are of but little value, the few skins are of no import to commerce, as may be seen in the tables of importation of New-OrGoods are ever to be tran!ported leans. from the Mifliflippi in the United States, that way.

In thefe confiderations I have taken no

account of the pains, expences, and lofs of men which are infeparable from new fettlements in a marshy country, and a burning climate; the invafion of Indians; the infurrection of flaves; the infubordination of troops; the abufes committed by officers, remote from the fovereign's vigilant eye. All these inconveniences united, or only a few of them, are enough to ftop an undertaking, and ruin a settlement. A very important obfervation is, however, to be made, and that is of fome weight. Many of those who will carry their families to Louifiana, obferving that the land is as cheap on the American fide, will prefer fettling there even in time of peace; fome because they will prefer the government of that country, others by caprice, others through fpite, or to rid themselves from military government, fuch as that of Louisiana muft neceffarily be.