to Sir H. St. John Mildmay, to find game, back, and stand, nearly as well as a pointer. This sow, which was a thin,longlegged animal (one of the ugliest of the New Forest breed) when very young, conceived a great partiality for some pointer puppies Turner was breaking, so that it played, and often came to feed with them. From this circumstance, it occurred to Turner, (to use his own expression,) that, having broken many a dog as obstinate as a pig, he would also try if he could not succeed in breaking a pig. The little animal would often go out with the puppies at some distance from home, and he enticed it farther by some pudding, which he carried in his pocket, made of barley meal. The other pocket he filled with stones, which he threw at her when she misbehaved, as he was not able to catch and correct her as he did his dogs. He informed Sir Henry Mildmay that he found the animal tractable, and that he soon taught her what he wished, by this mode of reward and punishment. Sir Henry says, that he has frequently seen her out with Turner; when she quartered her ground as regularly as any pointer, stood when she came on game, (having an excellent nose,) and backed other dogs as well as ever he saw a pointer. When she came on the cold scent of game, she slack

ened her trot, and gradually dropped down her ears and tail, until she was certain, and then fell down on her knees: so staunch was she, that she would often remain five minutes and upwards on her point. As soon as the game rose, she always returned to Turner, grunting very loudly for her reward of pudding, if it was not immediately given to her.

To enter into a labourate description of the natures, properties, virtues, vices, natural propensities, and mechanical structure of the several parts of the brute creation, is not at present our intention; that having been so often, and so satisfactorily done already by many eminent naturalists and anatomists, among whom we may mention Pliny, Aristotle, and Ray. Our principal aim is, to refute the sophistical, dangerous, unfounded, unscriptural, and uncharitable opinion of brutes being possessed by devils: that they are in general envious; or, that they finally perish at death, i. e. that they have no souls; or, if they have, that they will be annihilated.

We do not lay claim to infallibility, but hope, what has been said on this most impor tant and interesting subject, will need no stronger arguments to convince those, even of the least understanding, the absurdity of such doctrine as Father Bougeant wishes to

instil into the minds of the sober and less suspecting part of mankind.

From the greater part of the preceding arguments, many borrowed from real life and actual observation, with the few anecdotes of their abilities, and attachment to the human species, can it be insisted upon by the most strenous disciples of Descartes, that brutes are mere machines, and have no souls? Certainly not. That they have the power of reasoning, to a certain degree, in their own mind, and that they possess memory. and a sentient principal cannot be denied, even more so than many who can boast of the human form: for, if we offend a dog in the least, twelve months time will not eradicate from his memory the sense of the injury he received, but will retaliate, and take revenge by some means or another. He will also know his proper owner from among his other keepers, although the master never was in the practice of feeding or minding him. A dog will also start in his sleep when dreaming, and seem to be much concerned about something which he cannot explain; which is a further proof of his having a soul, (as dreaming is an act of the soul,) and if a soul, it must be IMMATERIAL, and if immaterial, consequently IMMORTAL!

An instarice of memory in the horse, hap pened within our own observation a short time ago.

A farmer leading one of his horses across a small temporary stone bridge, the weight of the horse caused an opening to take place between the stones of the bridge, where one of the horses feet went through and was so wedged in, as to be with difficulty got out again. About nine months after, the horse had occasion to be led the same way, but all the threats and arts of the leader could not make him pass over the bridge, so that he had to turn back and cross a ford at some distance from the place, which he did willingly.

After admitting of these reasoning powers and faculties, which brutes possess, (some of them in no ordinary degree,) they must therefore, undoubtedly, proceed from something IMMATERIAL, for we deny the power of thinking to matter, i, e. MATERIAL substance. It is true, a machine may be made to imitate many of the human as well as brute actions, and may be made, with the assistance of wind, to utter many sounds not discordant, but familiar to the ears of those unaccustomed living near wild beasts, but never can be made to think, or reflect on past, present, or future. Therefore, can we think, or be made to believe that, that Infinite and merciful Father who has endowed them with such superior abilities, and made them to be happy in their To primary state, would deprive them of that happiness, by an utter extinction of their being? Or, could we, for a moment, suppose that,the poor frightened hare, &c. which once enjoyed a place in Paradise, was now only to continue for a few days in existence; and these few days too to be miserably hunted and destall pitefully torn, then fall a victim to the cruelrotty of some rapacious and blood-thirsty tyrant, he whose only happiness is when their hands

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