A history of Rome, to the establishment of the empire - Henry George Liddell - Google Böcker

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Opposition of Patricians. Legend of Attus Navius. § 9. Plan modified.

Augmentation of Patrician Gentes and of Knights. § 10. Wars of Tarquin.

§ 11. Public works: Cloaca Maxima, etc. § 12. Legend of death of Tar-

quin. § 13. SERVIUS TULLIUS. § 14. Wish to give political power to all

Plebeians. § 15. Plan of reform. Comitia Centuriata.

Preponderating influence of property. § 17. Plebs made part of Populus,

or Body Politic. § 18. Roman territory divided into Tribes. § 19. Four

of City. § 20. Sixteen of Country. § 21. Only Plebeians originally mem-

bers of Tribes. § 22. Assembly of Curiæ finally superseded by that of

Tribes. § 23. Walls of Rome built by Servius. § 24. Principal places in

§ 26. Legend of death of

early Rome. § 25. Alliance with Latins.

TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS, AND THE BEGINNINGS OF THE REPUBLIC.

§ 1. Despotism of second Tarquin. § 2. Alliance with Etruscans and Latins.

§ 3. Temple on Capitoline. § 4. Legend of Sibyl. § 5. Stratagem by

which Gabii was taken. § 6. King's sons, with Brutus, sent to consult the

Delphic Oracle. § 7. Legend of Lucretia. Expulsion of Tarquins. § 8.

§ 11. First at-

Consuls. 9. Patres Conscripti. § 10. Rex Sacrorum.

tempt to restore Tarquin, by conspiracy: Judgment of Brutus. § 12.

Second attempt, by Etruscans of Tarquinii and Veii. Death of Brutus.

§ 13. P. Valerius Poplicola. § 14. Consecration of Capitoline Temple by

M. Horatius. § 15. Third attempt to restore Tarquin, by Porsenna: Le-

§ 16. Tarquin at

gends of Horatius Cocles, Mucius Scævola, Clolia.

Tusculum. § 17. First Dictator. § 18. Fourth attempt to restore Tar-

quin, by Latins: Battle of Lake Regillus. § 19. Death of Tarquin at

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTORY OF ROME UNDER THE KINGS.

§ 1. Nature of Legendary History. § 2. Among Greeks. §3. Among Romans.

§ 4. Religious and Historical Legends. § 5. Tendency to propagate His-

torical Legends in all times. § 6. Detection of incongruities in early

Roman History: difficulties explained away by ancient critics. § 7. Modern

critics, before and after Niebuhr. § 8. Relation of stories of Kings to

actual history. § 9. Romulus and Numa. § 10. Tullus and Ancus. § 11.

Tarquinius Priscus and Servius. §12. Tarquinius Superbus. § 13. Cha-

racter of next Book

79

ROME UNDER THE PATRICIANS,

DECLINE OF ROMAN POWER AFTER THE EXPULSION OF THE TAR-

QUINS. GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF

§ 1. Extent of Roman power at Expulsion of Kings. § 2. It fell with Mo-

narchy. § 3. Romans for a time subject to Porsenna. § 4. Rome no

longer head of Latium: accession of Attus Clausus and 3000 Clients. Nar-

row limits of Roman History for next 150 years. § 5. Campagna: pesti-

lential air. § 6. Less unhealthy in ancient times. § 7. Nations bordering

on plain of Rome: Tusculum, &c. § 8. Lower Apennines: Prænesté:

Volscians: Equians: Hernicans. § 9. Lower Etruria

§ 1. Character of struggle between Orders. § 2. Sufferings of Plebeians in

border wars, not shared by Patricians. § 3. All power gradually resumed

by Patricians. § 4. Patricians an exclusive Caste: privilege of Connubium.

§ 5. Plebeians first roused by severe Laws of Debtor and Creditor. § 6.

Patricians chief Creditors, Plebeians Debtors. § 7. Story of incident

which gave rise to Tribunate: Appius Claudius, leader of Patricians, de-

ceives Plebeians. § 8. Secession of Plebeians to Mons Sacer. § 9. Mene-

nius Agrippa: Fable of Belly and Members. § 10. Peace restored: two

Tribunes to be chosen as Protectors of Plebeians. § 11. Incompleteness of

Protection. § 12. Plebeian Ediles

AGRARIAN LAW. THE ELECTION OF THE TRIBUNES TRANSFERRED

§ 1. Sp. Cassius, Patrician, patron of the Plebeians: proposes an Agrarian

Law. § 2. Nature of Agrarian Laws. § 3. The Patricians allow Law to

pass. § 4. Sp. Cassius condemned for aiming at kingly power. § 5. His

fall increases power of Patricians: seven Consulships of Fabii. § 6. But

boldness of Tribunes also increases: a Consul impeached by Tribune Genu-

cius, who is murdered. § 7. Volero Publilius refuses to enlist. § 8.

Chosen Tribune: Publilian Law, enacting that Tribunes should be chosen

by Tribes. § 9. Second Appius Claudius elected Consul to oppose Law:

in vain. Five Tribunes henceforth elected at Comitia Tributa

WARS AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS FROM THE BATTLE OF LAKE REGILLUS

TO THE DECEMVIRATE. (496-450 B.C.)

§ 1. Great decrease of Roman power. § 2. Vagueness in history of Wars:

famous Legends. § 3. Volscian Wars: Legend of Coriolanus. § 4. Equian

Wars: Legend of Cincinnatus. § 5. Veientine Wars: Legend of Fabian

Gens. § 6. Leagues formed by Spurius Cassius with the Latins and Her-

nicans the true barriers against Equi and Volsci. § 7. Importance of

these Leagues to Latium as well as to Rome. § 8. Duration of Latin

CONTINUED STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE ORDERS. THE DECEMVIRATE.

§ 1. Progress of Plebeians: Colony of Antium: impeachment of second Appius.

§ 2. Great pestilence. § 3. Reform-bill of Terentilius Harsa. § 4. Violent

scenes at Rome. § 5. Compromise: Triumvirs appointed to report upon

Laws of Solon at Athens. § 6. Public Land on the Aventine parcelled out

among Plebeians. § 7. Return of Triumviri. § 8. Appointment of De-

cemviri: their functions: third Appius Claudius their chief. § 9. Ten

Tables completed. § 10. Resignation of first Decemvirs: successors elected,

including Appius. § 11. Change in bearing of Appius: despotism of new

Decemvirs. § 12. Two Tables added to Code. § 13. Appius and col-

leagues retain office for a second year. § 14. Wars break out with Equians

and Sabines. § 15. Legend of Siccius Dentatus. § 16. Legend of Vir-

ginia. § 17. Second Secession to Mons Sacer: Decemvirs resign. § 18.

L. Valerius and M. Horatius sent to negotiate between Senate and Ple-

beians: Ten Tribunes elected. § 19. Restoration of Consulship: Valerius

and Horatius elected. § 20. Valerio-Horatian Laws. § 21. Triumph of

new Consuls over Sabines and Æquians. § 22. Appius impeached and dies

in prison: Oppius executed: the rest pardoned. § 23. Attempt to re-elect

Consuls and Tribunes

THE CODE OF THE TWELVE TABLES.

§ 1. Few remains of the XII Tables. § 2. Difference of character in the first

X and last II Tables. § 3. Political ordinances of the X Tables. § 4.

Laws for protection of Person and Property. § 5. Iniquitous provisions

of the II Tables. § 6. Advantages resulting from the Code to the

SEQUEL OF THE DECEMVIRATE. MILITARY TRIBUNATE.

HISTORY TO THE WAR WITH VEII. (448—406 B.C.)

§ 1. Many Patricians go over to the Plebeians. § 2. Canuleian Law for legal-

ising Intermarriage of Orders: third Secession. § 3. Proposition to throw

open Consulship to Plebeians: fierce contest: compromise by appointment

of Military Tribunes. § 4. Nugatory nature of concession. Creation of

Censorship. § 5. Survey of whole time of Military Tribunate: three

periods. § 6. Reasons for Plebeians demanding so little. § 7. Quæstor

increased from two to four: admission of Plebeians to Quæstorship. § 8.

Probably at same time to Senate. § 9. Summary of their political gains.

§ 10. Popularity of Sp. Mælius, a knight: struck dead by C. Servilius

Ahala. § 11. Stories of two Postumii: their severity

WARS SINCE THE DECEMVIRATE. SIEGE OF VEII. (448-391 B.C.)

§ 1. Steady advance of Romans on the side of the Equians and Volscians.

§ 2. Lower Etruria, at peace since fall of Fabii. § 3. Renewal of hostilities:

Cossus wins spolia opima from Lars Tolumnius. § 4. Veii: siege begins

in 400 B.C. § 5. Appointment of M. Furius Camillus as Dictator. § 6.

Legend of Overflow of Alban Lake. §7. Legend of Capture of Veii in

tenth year of war. § 8. Camillus takes Falerii (story of schoolmaster),

Sutrium, Nepeté: truce with Volsinii. § 9. Project of removing from

Rome to Veii, defeated. § 10. Unpopularity of Camillus: his banishment.

§ 11. Estimate of his conduct: his parting prayer .

THE GAULS. (390 B.C.)

§ 1. Introductory. § 2. Who the Gauls were. § 3. Migrations of Celtic na-

tions: occupation of Northern Italy by Gauls. § 4. Who those Gauls were

that burnt Rome. § 5. Legend of quarrel with Gauls, and battle of Alia.

§ 6. Patricians defend Capitol: old Senators in Forum. § 7. Gauls enter

Rome: slaughter of Senators: Gauls repulsed from Capitol. § 8. Legends

of C. Fabius Dorso and M. Manlius Capitolinus. § 9. Of delivery by

Camillus. § 10. Falsehood of last Legend. § 11. Later inroads of Gauls.

§ 12. Legends of T. Manlius Torquatus and M. Valerius Corvus

SEQUEL OF THE GALLIC WAR. LICINIAN LAWS. FINAL EQUALIZA-

TION OF THE TWO ORDERS. (389-367 B.C.)

§ 1. Proposition to migrate to Veii renewed: defeated by an omen. § 2. Irre-

gularity in rebuilding the City. § 3. Misery of the people. § 4. M. Man-

lius comes forward as their patron: his fate. § 5. Estimate of his character.

§ 6. Measures to conciliate the Plebs: four new Tribes created from the

Veientine territory. 7. Claims of the Plebeians to the Consulate renewed

by C. Licinius and L. Sextius. § 8. Pretended cause of their enterprise. § 9.

The three Licinian Rogations promulgated 376 B.C. § 10. First, for reduc-

tion of debt. § 11. Second, agrarian. § 12. Third, political. § 13. Vio-

lent opposition of the Patricians, met by an interdict on all elections by

Licinius and Sextius. § 14. Struggle prolonged for five years. § 15. Com-

promise refused by the Tribunes: after five years more the Licinian Roga-

tions become Law. § 16. Sextius first Plebeian Consul: Patrician Curies

refuse him the Imperium. § 17. This Quarrel adjusted: judicial power of

the Consul transferred to a new Patrician Magistrate, the Prætor: Curule

Ediles. § 18. Camillus vows a Temple to Concord: rapid rise of Roman

power consequent on the Union of the Orders

SOURCES OF EARLY ROMAN HISTORY.

§ 1. Destruction of all public Records by the Gauls. § 2. Meagre character of

these Records: early History of Rome embodied in Legends. § 3. Legends

of the Patrician period full of falsehood. § 4. Due to banquet-minstrelsy

and funeral eulogies. § 5. Plebeian ballads also rife. § 6. How this

mass of Legends was made into History. § 7. Tradition and documents.

§ 8. Minstrelsy lingered on after Burning by Gaul, but superseded by

ROME CONQUEROR OF ITALY.

(B.C. 366-265.)

SEQUEL OF THE LICINIAN LAWS. CIVIL HISTORY TO THE FIRST

SAMNITE WAR. (B.C. 366-344.)

§ 1. Difficulties of Social Reformation. § 2. Increased by pestilence: Gulf in

Forum: Self-sacrifice of M. Curtius. § 3. Also by Gallic inroads. § 4.

Vain attempts to limit rate of interest. § 5. Evasion of Second Licinian

Law. § 6. Attempts to set aside Third Licinian Law foiled: First Plebeian

Dictator: First Plebeian Censor. § 7. Plebeian honours limited to a few

families. 8. Subject of this Book

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