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CONCISE DICTIONARY

OF THE

HOLY BIBLE.

BY REV. JAMES COVEL, JUNIOR.

DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS
AND FAMILIES.

WITH MAPS AND NUMEROUS FINE ENGRAVINGS.

NEW-YORK:

PUBLISHED BY G. LANE & P. P. SANDFORD,

For the Sunday School Union of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
at the Conference Office, 200 Mulberry-street.

J. Collord, Printer.

1843.

Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1839, by T. Mason & G. Lane, in the clerk's office of the Southern District of New-York.

Gift of

Ella Clark 10-1-27

PREFACE

TO

DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE.

THE DICTIONARY, which is now presented to the reader, is the result of the most careful and patient investigation. The author, of course, has been indebted to various sources for materials; but all the articles, with few exceptions, have been sent to the press in manuscript; and, during two years past, all the time which could in justice be spared from other duties has been exclusively devoted to the preparation of this work.

In most Dictionaries of the Bible, à large proportion of the matter consists of Scripture narrative. But Bibles are too numerous, and their contents too well understood by that class of persons who read Bible Dictionaries, to render such details necessary.

The object of this work is simply to explain and illustrate the meaning of this precious book; and no name or term occurring in the Bible has been omitted, respecting which any thing could be ascertained which was judged important in the accomplishment of this object, or which would seem to be desirable in a work of this kind. I have derived great assistance from works which would not be likely to fall in the way of common readers. Such as Gesenius's Hebrew and English Lexicon, translated from the Latin.

This invaluable work is purely a philological work; and although it rarely presents any allusion to theological sentinents, no student of the Bible should be without it.

PREFACE TO DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE.

The Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament, by Dr. Robinson, the translator of Gesenius.

This work bears in every page marks of integrity, learning, and diligence. In both of the above-named works, attention has been given to the interpretations of difficult passages; and therefore the two together form a good commentary on the original Scriptures. Besides, Dr. Jahn's Biblical Archæology, Robinson's Calmet, the Biblical Repository, the works of Professor Stuart, Dr. A. Clarke, Burckhardt, Macknight, Watson, and others, have been constantly at hand. Geographical articles have received particular attention; no fact is stated but on the latest and best authority, and on which the reader may depend. The references are all made in every article for the purpose of illustration; and no article should be considered as read until every passage is examined.

Respecting the engravings, the reader may rely on their accuracy also. No pains or expense has been spared to procure those which are correct; and they are executed by one of the best artists in our country.

The division and accentuation of the words have been carefully attended to; and, in some instances, they have been respelled, as a guide to their correct pronunciation.

In the pronunciation, observe the following rules :

1. When a vowel is followed by an accent, it has the long sound, as A'bel, but otherwise, the short sound as Ad'am. 3. Every final i, marked as a distinct syllable, has the long sound as a'i, Hu-sha-i.

3. Ch is pronounced like k, as Che'bar, except in cherub, cherubim, Rachel, Chittim.

4. G is hard before e, and i, as Gehazi, Gideon.

New-York, July 6, 1838.

A

BIBLICAL DICTIONARY.

AAR

AARON, (A'ron,) the son of Amram and Joch'e-bed, of the tribe of Levi. Aaron was three years older than his brother Moses; and in effecting the deliverance of the Hebrews we find them constantly associated. During the march of the children of Israel through the wilderness, Aaron and his sons were appointed by God to exercise for ever the office of priests in the tabernacle.

AAR

of the tribe of Judah, by whom he had four sons, Nadab and Abi'hu, E-le-a'zar and Ith'a-mar, Ex. vi, 23. The first two were killed by fire from heaven, as a punishment for presuming to offer incense with strange fire in their censers, Lev. x, 1, 2. From the two others the succession of high priests was continued in Israel.

The account of the death of Aaron is peculiarly solemn After the tabernacle was and affecting. As he and Mobuilt, Moses consecrated Aa- ses, in striking the rock at ron to the high priesthood Meribah, Num. xvi, had not with the holy oil, and invested honoured God by a perfect him with his priestly robes, obedience and faith, he in his -his garments" of glory and wrath declared unto them that beauty." Two miraculous in- they should not enter into the terpositions confirmed him in promised land. Soon after, his office of high priest, as the Lord commanded Moses, of Divine appointment. The "Take Aaron, and Eleazar first was the destruction of his son, and bring them up to Ko'rah, who sought that office Mount Hor; and strip Aaron for himself, and of the two of his garments," his splenhundred and fifty Levites who did pontifical vestments,supportel his pretensions," and put them upon Eleazar Num. xvi. The second was the blossoming of Aaron's rod, which was designed "to cause the murmurings of the Israelites against him to

cease."

Aaron married E-lish'e-ba, the daughter of Amminadab,

his son; and Aaron shall be gathered unto his people, and shall die there." In Deuteronomy it is said that Aaron died at Mo-se'ra; because that was the name of the diatrict in which Mount Hor was situated.

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