1

CONTENTS.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

INTRODUCTION

xiii

xxi

CHAP. I. Creation of animals

II. Geographical Distribution of Ditto

Migrations of Ditto

Local Distribution of Ditto -

III. General Functions and Instincts of Ditto

IV. Functions and Instincts. Infusories

1

24

47

69

74

79

XVIII. Instinct in general

306

XIX. Functions and Instincts. Arachnidans, Pseuda.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE Í.

INFUSORIES.

FIG. 1. a. Enchelis Pupa

b. Alimentary canal and stomach

2. Eosphora Naias

3. a. b. c. d. Rolifera vulgaris

4. Bacillaria multipunctata

82

84

82

469

469

469, 241

PLATE II.

POLYPES.

FIG. 1. Madrepora muricata

2. Sertularia volubilis

a. a. Ovaries.

3. Cellaria cirrata

4. a. Fungia patellaris, under side.

96

90

90

FIG. 1. Cephea mosaica

a. a. Arms of ditto.

2. Echinus esculentus, portion of the shell

shown externally.

a. a. a. Grovés.

b. b. Alleys.

c. c. The lateral groves.

d. The intermediate one.

3. Inside of the same shell.

a. a. The dentated suture.

b. The middle ridge marked out on
each side into transverse pieces.

c.c. The alleys, with pores for the suckers.

106

d. One of the frames to which the jaws >109-112 are fixed.

4. Spines of Echinus cidaris.

a. Muscular fibres inserted in the base
of the spine, and surrounding the
ball and socket joint.

b. The muscular capsule laid open, and
the muscles attached to the base of
the spine turned back.

c. The origins of the muscles surround-
ing the ball or tubercle.

d. One of the tubercles.