GREEN DRAGON (10 S. xi. 129).-As invariably is the case with heraldic signs, the colour (in this instance vert), is no mere fancy of the sign artist, and furnishes an important clue as to the origin of the "Green Dragon," which, as well by its colour vert as by its ubiquity in town and country, may be recognized as the badge of that celebrated nobleman and sagacious statesman William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Regent during the minority of Henry III. It is, in fact, so described in a list of signs which had their origin in the heraldic badges of the nobility, or of royalty, compiled by Bagford in his MS. notes about the art of printing (Harl. MSS., 5910, vol. ii. P. 167). By his peaceful, but vigorous administration in reducing the turbulent barons to allegiance, the Earl of Pembroke became extremely popular, the sagacity of his statecraft filling England with wealth and luxury, by her commerce with the south of France (Strickland's ' Queens of England'). Probably the " dragon" is strictly a wyvern, a kind of flying serpent, the upper part resembling a dragon, and the lower an adder or snake, for the crest of the present Earl of Pembroke is a wyvern, wings elevated, vert, holding in the mouth a sinister hand, couped at the wrist, gules. The Earl, however, traces his descent from William Herbert ap Thomas, who was advanced to the earldom of Pembroke in the eighth year of Edward IV., about 250 years after the three years of the Regency of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

THE DIABOLIAD,' BY WILLIAM COMBE (10 S. ix. 227; xi. 458).-In case some budding bibliographer should be led astray, it may be well to record that copies exist dated 1677, a printer's error for 1777. One of these is in the writer's possession, with the blank names identified. The Fitzpatrick is added to the initial "F.......... on p. 3, line 14, in this exemplar. There is no name blank (or annotation) on p. 20. Possibly the Dublin edition was revised or recast. WILLIAM JAGGARD.

Liverpool.

name

There is a very interesting reference to The Diaboliad' in a letter from George Selwyn to Lord Carlisle, February, 1777; see Hist. MSS. Com., Fifteenth Report, Appendix, Part VI. 320:

"The author of a new Grub Street poem, I see, allows me a great share of feeling, at the same time that he relates facts of me, which, if they were true, would, besides making me ridiculous, call very

much into question what he asserts with any reasonable man. I do not know if you have not, paltry as it is, I should send it to you. The received this performance. If I thought you had work I mean is called 'The Diaboliad.' His hero is Lord Ernham [sic]. Lord Hertford and Lord Beauchamp are the chief persons whom he loads with his invectives. Lord Lyttleton [and] his cousin Mr. Ascough are also treated with not much well as C. Fox; and Fitzpatrick, although painted levity; Lord Pembroke with great familiarity, as in colours bad enough at present, is represented as one whom in time the devil will lose for his disciple. I am only attacked upon that trite and very foolish opinion concerning le pene e le delitté led i delitti], insatiable curiosity, and not from mauvais cœur. In acknowledging [it] to proceed from an odd and some places I think there is versification, and a few good lines, and the piece seems to be wrote by one not void of parts, but who with attention might write much better.

believe that he does it without malice, but if I had "I forgive him his mention of me, because I leisure to think of such things, I must own the frequent repetition of the foolish stories would make me peevish. Alas, I have no time to be peevish."

Besides corroborating a large portion of the key that I have already inserted in N. & Q.' this letter is interesting because it gives Selwyn's views with regard to the popular opinion that he was fond of attending executions. Simon Luttrell, Baron Irnham, afterwards first Earl of Carhampton, the hero of The Diaboliad,' was, in consequence, known as the "King of Hell."

HORACE BLEACKLEY.

He was usher of Magdalen College School, JOHN SLADE, DORSET (10 S. xi. 488).— Oxford, 1546-8; master 1548-9; ordained deacon in London April, 1554, being then 1559; Rector of Clifton Maybank, Dorset, M.A.; the master of Bruton School before of Thornford 1559; and of South Perrot 1554; Vicar of Stogumber 1556-9; Rector 2 Nov., 1570. (See Macray's Magd. Coll. 1561. He supplicated for the B.D. degree Register,' ii. 88, 89; Frere's 'Marian Reaction,' p. 270.)

6

suffered at Winchester 30 Oct., 1583 (as to The Catholic martyr John Slade, who whom see Father Pollen's Acts of English Martyrs,' pp. 49-62; Cath. Rec. Soc. v. 8, 39, 48-50, 395), was taken in Dorsetshire, which was reported to be his native county. Was he a son of the Rector of South Perrot?

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

lii. 365. His elder brother Samuel (1568For Matthew Slade see 'Dict. Nat. Biog.,' of Embleton, Northumberland, 1612?) was M.A.Oxon. 1594, then Vicar but resigned the living to travel in search of MSS., and died in Zante. Their mother was Joan

66

rounders, or stool-ball. But there could be no merit or reason in the case of the game, of sticking to one's tut. The phrase must refer to work being done with perseverance and tenacity, in the case of the refractory paupers, the ringleader having laid himself out to stick to the rôle he had assumed. The word seems to be the same with tot or tote," i.e., the total, the whole of the job or work undertaken for the day or any specified time. I have myself heard the phrase "He has done his little tot." Grose (1790) says that "To do work by the tote is " to undertake it by the great." As it is pointed out in the English Dialect Dictionary,' in Derbyshire, Isle of Wight, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, Somersetshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall tut "piece-work, and a tutman" is one who works by the piece. "Tut" and "tit" is in Devonshire the whole of anything, complete in every detail ('Hora Subsecivæ,' cited in the E.D.D.,' 8.v. 'Tut'). J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

66

66

THE WHITE HEN (10 S. xi. 448).-The saying "You 're like the hen that never lays astray I remember as a lad living in East Anglia, but I do not think that any special plumage was mentioned. But perhaps J. B. is correct, as a white hen would not have much chance of laying eggs and hatching them in a hedgerow without being detected. I do not find it in the books of proverbial sayings I possess, but it is worthy of being

enshrined therein.

Bishop's Stortford.

W. B. GERISH.

For Juvenal's "filius alba gallina" see Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary, 1900, under albus, p. 80, col. 2. It has travelled

says

a little into our literature. In Ben Jonson's • New Inn,' 1629, I. i., where the discourse is upon the bringing up of youth, the host all are not sons of the white hen (ed. Cornwall, 1838, p. 409). Peter Heylyn in his Answer to Henry Burton,' 1637, satirically writes of him : one of the sonnes, no young white henne " (pref.).

Fortunate man,

question, of the

W. C. B. WILLIAM BULLOCK HUGH BULLOCK (10 S. xi. 169, 236, 277).-In the replies relating to William Bullock mention is made of his father, Hugh Bullock, who was the owner of a saw-mill in Virginia. I should like to point out that on 2 Jan., 1629, a patent (No. 45) for a saw-mill was granted to Hugh Bullock, who, I have no doubt, was identical with the person of the same name already mentioned. The patent does not give any particulars of the place of residence or

business of the patentee, nor does it furnish any details of the construction of the machine, but it contains a special clause extending the privilege to the "plantations of Virginia."

66

In 1650 Ed. Williams published in London a tract entitled Virginia's Discovery of Silk Worms....Together with the making of the saw-mill, very useful in Virginia, for cutting of Timber and clapboards to build withall." Williams gives a description of the saw-mill, together with a woodcut; and although he does not mention the name of the inventor, it is hardly likely that there could have been two machines of this kind in Virginia at that early date. I feel, therefore, justified in assuming that the saw-mill described by Williams in 1650 was really that for which Hugh Bullock obtained a patent in 1629. Williams's tract furnishes the basis of an article on the introduction of the saw-mill into America in the Report of the U.S. Commissioner of Patents for 1850,' Part I. p. 387.

R. B. P.

HANGMEN WHO HAVE BEEN HANGED (10 S. xi. 468).—I can add an instance in 1538 :—

Sundaye, at Clerkenwell, where the wrestlinge is "This yere, the first day of September, beinge kept, after the wrestlinge was done, there was hanged on a payre of gallowes, newe made, in the same place, the hangman of London, and two more, sayd hangman had done execution in London since for robbing a youth in Bartlemewe fayre. Which

the Holy Mayde of Kent was hanged, and was a conninge butcher in quartering of men.' "Wriothesley's Chronicle,' Caniden Soc., i. 85.

We learn from Walford's History of Fairs,' P. 184, that the hangman's name was Cartwell, but Hall's 'Chronicle' shows the name as Cratwell. The Holy Maid of Kent was hanged on Monday, 20 April, 1534.

A. RHODES.

:

EDINBURGH DERIVATION OF ITS NAME (10 S. x. 410, 473).-It will hardly be accepted as proof that, because David I. mentioned Edwinsburg* in the foundation charter of Holyrood, it is the earliest form of the place-name; nor do I suppose the fact of Simeon of Durham writing the same settles the matter. Many, no doubt, will consider that to trace the original form we must go much further back. Here may I repeat the generally accepted dictum, place-names did not (often) take their origin from personal ones?

Dr. Daniel Wilson, in his 'Archæology and Primitive Annals,' states that there is sufficient evidence that a Roman colonia existed on the site of Edinburgh.

There seems an inclination to treat this place-name apart from the castle, which in the circumstances appears to be a mistake. That the castle had an existence before the town will, I imagine, be conceded. The district in which the castle was placed was for many years exposed to the ravages of the English and Danes: naturally, the neighbouring inhabitants, for protection at least, erected their homes under its wing. The probability is the name of the castle became applied to the town, in some form

or another.

66

Camden wrote, "The castle was, by the Irish Scots, called Dun Eden," and Wynton wrote: Maydn, Dunedin." For centuries Edinburgh was known by the latter name, and as late as 1776 was so called throughout the Highlands. "Henry the Third ordered the King of Scotland to summon the prelates and magnates of his kingdom at Maiden's Castle"; further, Robert de Poppelai renders his account, Saiher de Quenci owes 201. of Aron's debts, for Robert his father, but as yet he ought not to be summoned, for the canons of the Holy Rood of Edenburgh (Castellum Puellarum)." Buchanan wrote that it was Dun Eden, the face of a hill, and he thought the name should be Edenum (see 5 S. xii. 128, 214).

The State Register, recording the death of King Edgar, has the following: "Mortuus in Dun-Edin, est sepulctus in Dunfermling." This was about eighteen years before David I. was crowned.

Prof. Kuno Meyer asserted that "Edwinesburh would, however, have given Edinsburgh; for the genitive s is never lost in such derivations.'

My authority has the form Edenesburg, which, it may be added, is found in a charter of David I. printed in the 'Registrum de Dunfermelyn.'

66

Upwards of a century ago, a writer informs us that Annales Ullonienses,' MS. in the British Museum, No. 4795 of Mr. Ayscough's catalogue, has "Bellum Gline Muresan et obsessio Edin."* With respect to "The Maidens' Castle," i.e. Castellum Puellarum, Ayloffe, in his Calendars of Ancient Charters' (p. 288), has 'Manipulus parvorum rotulorum tangentium homagium regum Scotia' and victualium pro Castello Purcell (anno 6 Edward I.). The last word is supposed to be a typographical error so far as the c is concerned. To revert to Camden, he states: "As in an old book of the division of Scotland, in the Library of the Honourable my Lord Burleigh, late High Treasurer of England, in the reign of Indulph, Eden Town was quitted (vacuatum) and abandoned to the Scots to this present day." In Parvvm Theatrvm Vrbivm sive Vrbivm Praecipvarvm Totivs Orbis Brevis et Methodica Descriptio,' now before me (1595), I find "Edenburgum, alias Alata Castra," and again Arx vocatur Castellum puellarum," and once more Vrbis appellationem nobile munimentum nonnulli interpretantur, ut sit Edenburgum quasi Edleburgum.'

66

66

The

Major states that the Romans and Britons levelled, among other cities, Agned, which, when it was "rebuilt by Heth, the King of the Picts, came to be Hethburg, and earliest known description of Edinburgh is to-day is known as Edinburgh.' by Alesius Edinburgi, or Alesse, who was a native, born 1500. He wrote: "The name of the Town is always given as Edinburges, and as Lisleburgh or Lithleburg, as it was called by the French, in the writer's

never

time."+

T. TRUMAN, BOOKSELLER, 1746 (10 S. xi. 347, 418).—There was a Gabriell T. Truman in Drury Lane at the sign of "The Goat." as his token indicates. It bears the initials in the "field," G. T. T. Even though booksellers did not issue tokens, yet he may have been related to the T. Truman of the query (Akerman's 'London Tokens,' 1849, No. 591).

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

PRIME MINISTER (10 S. ix. 425).-During the present year a further step has been taken in the long process of giving a gradually increasing official recognition to the office of Prime Minister. Down to the end of last session all resolutions moved by the Prime Minister in the House of Commons were entered in the Orders and Votes under his name; from the beginning of the present session the name has been dropped, and "The Prime Minister substituted.

GAINSBOROUGH, ARCHITECT, c. 1300 (10 S. xi. 449).-The Architectural Publication Society's Dictionary of Architecture' contains a short note on the monument of Ricardus de Gaynisburgh in the cloisters of Lincoln Cathedral, but gives no information as to the man himself. Gough, in Sepulchral Monuments,' ii. 95, gives the inscription, copying it apparently from Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting,' and says he does not recollect seeing it in any of his visits to Lincoln. Possibly it is not now in existence. BENJ. WALKER. Gravelly Hill, Erdington.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &a

(T. Fisher Unwin.)

Notes by the Way. By John Collins Francis. A WORK which, so far as our knowledge goes, has not yet seen the light, but for which, we are convinced, an expectant posterity is looking, is a General History of Editors. Individual biographies we have, but a comprehensive work on this entrancing subject still awaits a Prometheus. Editors may roughly be divided into two classes: those who, like Delane, are known to the world as editors, and nothing more; and those who, like Steele, are editors, and a great deal more. In political journalism an editor who travels beyond the strict limits of the leading article is regarded with suspicion, and Chenery, the successor of Delane, was heavily handicapped by the fact that Arabic literature was popularly supposed to hold a higher place in his affections than the battles of parliamentary frogs and mice. In this matter editors are at a disadvantage as compared with their staff. The principle of anonymity, in which we have the profoundest faith, protected Edward Henry Palmer, who, not Arabism, to write leading articles that took the being an editor, was enabled, in spite of his public fancy. Joseph Knight belonged to the school of Steele, to whom in temperament, if not in genius, he bore a marked resemblance. In largeness of nature, in geniality of spirit, in tender chivalry towards women, the friend of Addison was closely paralleled by the generous Yorkshireman who for a longer period than any of his predecessors conducted the fortunes of ' N. & Q."