or Santiago de Galicia. What is the etymology of of Compostéla? Two answers have been given to this question. 1. The name is said to be derived from Jacómo Apostol," James (the) Apostle. For the form of the Spanish Jacómo compare Italian Giácomo, with a shifting of the accent. There was also a Spanish learned form Jacóbo. 2. Others derive the name from "Campus Stellæ," the plain of the star, and connect it with the story of the discovery of the body of St. James by the guiding of a star in the year 816 by Theodomir, Bishop of Iria. It looks very much as if the name "Compostéla" is a contaminated form, due to a combination of (1) and (2), having the Com- from (1) and the final -stéla from (2). What is the oldest historic form of "Compostéla"? A. L. MAYHEW. 21, Norham Road, Oxford. "I HAD THREE SISTERS BEYOND SEA."-Can any contributor to N. & Q' THE oblige me with the full and proper words of this nursery rime? It begins : I had three sisters beyond the sea, They each sent a lovely present to me, The second, &c., Partum, &c. Wood Hall, Calverley, Yorks. JOHN HUS BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE.-Can any one inform me who was the artist of a fine painting of Hus before the Council of Constance in 1415? It was well engraved some forty years ago. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. "MINERIA MARRA," MOTTO.-I shall be glad if some one will translate this heraldic motto. It belongs either to a Warwickshire or a Worcestershire family, I believe, but it seems difficult to trace. FRANCISQUE SARCEY AND ANATOLE FRANCE ON SPELLING.-I have before me a statement according to which the late Francisque Sarcey claimed absolute freedom in spelling, and protested against any fixed rules, which he denounced as "les chinoiseries de l'orthographe." According to the same source, Anatole France also calls it nonsense to think one is obliged to observe such rules for fear of losing caste. Can any reader kindly supply chapter and verse in both authors' writings? L. L. K. LEADEN FIGURES.-The makers of leaden figures and garden ornaments belong to the earliest years of Piccadilly. I believe much useful information respecting the industry and its fortunes in London generally has been provided in a volume or some of the many art periodicals, and I shall be obliged for the reference. The provision of statuary generally was before the Great Fire. presumably a considerable business even Would not the buildings in Lincoln's Inn Fields (1617 ?) and the erection of handsome residences west of the City have occasioned such an industry? If so, in what locality or street was it specially carried on? Piccadilly at a later date, and Euston Road in our own times, were the birthplaces of gods and goddesses innumerable. ALECK ABRAHAMS. "HEN AND CHICKENS" SIGN.-How could the "Hen and Chickens" have had its origin as a trade sign in the City? There were signs with this name in Paternoster Row, in St. Paul's Churchyard, in Cheapside, in Southwark ; near the Royal Exchange, Cornhill; near the New Exchange, Strand at Holborn Conduit; and on Hammond's Key, Eastcheap way. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. WELSH JUDGES.-Is there any printed biographical list of the old Welsh judges, after the manner of Foss's Judges of SENEX. England' ? L. H., ARTIST, 1793.-I have two sepia drawings of little boys, nude figures, signed L. H., 1793 (the initials forming a monograph), and I shall esteem it a favour if some correspondent of N. & Q.' can tell me of any artist of that period signing his works as above. One drawing represents four figures playing about a winepress; the other shows three of the boys playing with a large vase, from the top of which issues a jet of water, while the fourth is asleep. The technique and figure-drawing are so good that I believe the drawings are by an artist of some repute. Caversham Park Gardens, Reading. W. MILES. SQUIRE DRAPER AND HIS DAUGHTER.Will any reader of N. & Q.' kindly volunteer information anent an ancient Yorkshire hunting squire named Draper and his renowned daughter Di Draper ? In her ardour for the chase she twice swam the river Ouse, opposite Cawood Castle, after the hounds. We in our family possess a large oil painting of her, and it is always said that Sir W. Scott took Di Vernon (in Rob Roy ') from her. The painter's name is not on the likeness, but an engraving (an exact copy) has been met with in some magazine of the eighteenth century. I shall be grateful for any information. (Mrs.) E. A. HILLWELL. Wistow, Dewey Avenue, Aintree, Liverpool. CAPT. R. J. GORDON AND THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATION. Capt. Robert James Gordon, of the Royal Navy, left Cairo in May or June, 1822, on behalf of the African Association, for the purpose of ascertaining the sources of the Bahr el-Abiad, or White Nile, then an unknown mystery (The Quarterly Review, October, 1822, p. 93; J. J. Halls, Life of Henry Salt,' 1834, ii. 205, 211). On 20 June the French traveller Frédéric Cailliaud met him between Assouan and Dongola (Cailliaud, Voyage à Méroé,' 1826, iii. 267). He visited several of the mountain regions of Kordofan, and, to use the expression of the Arabs, "had written down all the country (G. A. Hoskins, Travels in Ethiopia,' 1835, p. 180). He fell ill in Kordofan, but managed to reach Wad Medina, on the Bahr el-Azrek, or Blue Nile, a little north of Sennar, where he died and was buried. Lord Prudhoe, who visited Sennar in 1829, says Gordon arrived at Welled Medina about eight years before, in the month of June, and died in ten days of a violent tertian fever (Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1835, p. 47). But, unless we are to understand this as June, 1823, which would be only six years before Lord Prudhoe's visit, it does not allow sufficient time for Gordon's journeys in Kordofan. Is anything more known of Capt. Gordon's travels? His name does not appear in the 'Dict. Nat. Biog.' FREDK. A. EDWARDS. 39, Agate Road, Hammersmith, W. COL. PESTALL.-I have a song entitled Pestall, published by B. Williams, 30 (Fountain Court), Cheapside, with accompaniment for the pianoforte. It bears no date, but must have been published at least sixty years ago. On the frontispiece is an illustration of a British officer in uniform, in a prison cell, with a chain connecting the wrists. Beneath the illustration is printed: "The melody of this song was marked on the wall by Col. Pestall (a victim to Russian Tyranny) the night before his Execution." Who was Col. Pestall, and what were the circumstances which led to his execution? T. MURRAY WIGHT. On 31 May, 1722, Thomas Ripley, Esq., and Richard Holt, gent., obtained a patent (No. 447) for making statues, architectural decorations, garden ornaments, &c., of arti THOMAS RIPLEY AND RICHARD HOLT. ficial stone. I shall be much obliged to any reader of 'N. & Q.' who can assist me in identifying the first-named patentee with the well-known architect of the same name. The notice of Ripley in the D.N.B.' does not give me the information I want, and I have consulted the General Indexes to N. & Q.' without result. R. B. P. GOD OF ARCHITECTURE.-I have read somewhere that the Chinese have a special god whom they worship when a new building is erected. Can any reader of N. & Q." give the name of this god, or particulars of any similar deity? Is there a patron god of architecture or buildings in any system of mythology? N. BOOTHROYD. Holmleigh, Batley. SOTBY AND BLEASBY MANORS, LINCS.The Inq. p. m. of John Clayton of Crooke, Lancs, who died in 1625, shows that he was the owner of the above manors and a large quantity of other property in that county. These Lincolnshire estates seem to have passed, with his Lancashire property, to his daughter Dorothy, and SO to the descendants of George Leycester of Toft, co. Chester, her husband. How did he acquire them? It does not appear that his father (or his uncle, whose heir he was) owned them. Did they come Wiggie, Redhill. ARTHUR TROWER. Beplies. "MURKATTOS": "CAPAPS." (10 S. ix. 66.) As no one has as yet enlightened W. J. P. on the meaning of these two mysterious words, may I (although rather late) be allowed to inform him that they are mere ghost-words, both being misprints? The fact is that the writer of the article on Animals, &c., in the Island of Ceylon,' in The Sporting Magazine for April, 1796, had got hold of vol. iii. of Churchill's collection of voyages and travels, which contains the English translation of Baldæus's work on Ceylon (published 1672), and dished up as original some of the information he found there. In chap. li. of that translation we read :- "There are certain Birds [in orig. Kuykendieren. lit. chicken-thieves,' i.e., kites] in Ceylon call'd Minhotos by the Portugueses, who [sic] often make bold with the young chickens." We see, therefore, that "murkattos is a misreading of the printer's for "minhotos." This word minhoto, the dictionaries appear to imply, is a corruption of milhano, which is from the Latin miluus, through a form *miluanus. The other word, capap," is an error for cacap." In the paragraph following the one I have quoted we read: Ceylon produces great plenty of Fish, as Cacap, Plaice, Crabs," and so on, nineteen other varieties of "fish" being named, among which the egregious translator (whom I have already gibbeted in 'N. & Q.') enumerates "Haddocks (for Goa cod), Sharks mullets), Orados (the original d'Orados), "Seals (for soles !), "Bomtos " (for bonitos, the original having the misprint Bomten), 66 66 has and The word cacap is interesting, representing, as it does, the Malay (ikan) kakap, from which comes the Anglo-Indian “cockup," a word the origin of which neither Yule nor the N.E.D.' was able to give, but which is explained in the second edition of Hobson-Jobson.' Wouter Schouten, who was a contemporary of Baldæus's in the East Indies, in his Oost-Indische Voyagie' (1676), ii. 159, says that "in the [Javanese] fish as cacop," &c. Valentyn, in his enorfish-markets is to be got in abundance such mous work the 'Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien ' (1724-6), has a number of references to this fish. In the section on Ceylon (p. 54) he enumerates among the fishes of the island Cakab"; and the governor Ryklof van Goens, in his memoir of 24 Sept., 1675, printed by Valentyn, speaks (p. 222) of Cacabs." In his description of Batavia (p. 255) Valentyn mentions among the many sea-fish to be had there kacab"; and in his very lengthy account of the fishes of Amboina, he says (p. 344): "The Cakab is likewise one of the most delicate and whitest fish that the sea here yields. It is also as firm of flesh as curd, so that it is the prime of the market. At Batavia, indeed, it is kept in tanks in the gardens." 66 Valentyn's appreciation of the cockup is even stronger than that of Yule, who calls it "an excellent table-fish," and states that it forms the daily breakfast dish of half the European gentlemen in" Calcutta. According to Klinkert, as quoted in Hobson-Jobson' (2nd ed.), the more common form of the Malay name of the fish is siyakap. Now Niewhof, in his Travels in the East Indies,' as translated in vol. ii. of Churchill's collection, says (p. 351): fish " 66 66 "kacab," and in his list of the fishes of Ferry Road and in the Fort several times at the Amboina (p. 342) describes the "Zap-Zap rate of eight to ten miles an hour with 16 or 20 people upon it."-Correspondence of William as very small." (The cockup, Fowler (50 copies privately printed, 1907; one in according to Yule, grows to an immense B.M. Library), pp. 539, 541, 551, 607. size, sometimes to eight feet in length.") As Mr. Barstall was first cousin to my This siap or zap may possibly be identified father, I should be glad to know whether with the (ikan) siya of Wilkinson's Malay- anything further came of his enterprise. English Dictionary,' where it is described as a freshwater fish (unidentified)," and the final p may have got in through confusion with the alternative name of the estuarial fish. 66 Durham. 66 J. T. F. POT-GALLERY (10 S. vii. 388, 431; viii. 172, 254, 312, 493, 517; ix. 36, 212; No instances of the literary use of the xi. 333).—I am afraid MISS LEGA-WEEKES'S word "cockup are given in Hobson- suggestion that "putt-gallery" was the Jobson,' and the N.E.D.' contains only original spelling of the word will be found two-one of 1845, and the other of 1854. to be incorrect. To begin with, the earliest The second, from the Rev. C. D. Badham's quotation given by SIR JAMES MURRAY 'Prose Halieutics; or, Ancient and Modern at the first reference from Stow dates back Fish Tattle,' p. 114, gives an amusingly to 1598, and the following ones have the incorrect derivation of the word: "the orthography "pot-gallery,' pott-gallery Lates nobilis, somewhat freely rendered where the meaning is clearly that of a land'cock-up fish' by the Bengalese." I ing-stage. I see no reason for altering my wonder where the reverend M.D. found this opinion expressed at 10 S. ix. 36 that the explanation. word is corrupted from boat-gallery." The N.E.D.' gives the early forms of "boat as 'boot,' bote," and botte," while the mutation of b into p has been sufficiently accounted for. Why does the 'N.E.D.,' by the way, omit the above 1598 citation, and give one of 1630 as its earliest ? Tennent, in his Natural History of Ceylon' (1861), gives the alternative scientific name of the cockup, Lates calcarifer, Bl., but says nothing about the fish. Nor, as far as I have been able to find, do any of the other writers on Ceylon mention it, with the exception of Cordiner, who in his Description of Ceylon' (1807), i. 444, 6 66 DONALD FERGUSON. MECHANICAL ROAD CARRIAGES: TIMOTHY BARSTALL (10 S. xi. 305, 374, 431, 498).— Timothy Barstall of Leith had in hand, 14 July, 1825, a steam coach," which was expected to start in about a fortnight. On 10 Nov. it was not moving yet, but was expected to do so in a month. On 19 Nov., 1828, a relative wrote: "After all, Timothy is very likely to succeed in his steam coach affair, and to be most amply remunerated for all his labour. It has run on the 66 As to "putt-gallery," a shed built over a mill-stream at Paris Garden, your lady correspondent may be right in deriving it from to put," with the meaning of a structure built out from another like a balcony" but I think this may be a distinct word, and probably an afterthought owing its existence to the prior term. from "boat-gallery," there is the alternative receive the deputation of Saxon nobles which there awaited him to offer him the crown and swear allegiance to his government. Edgar Atheling, the heir to the Saxon throne, the Earls Edwin and Morcar, Aldred, Archbishop of York, and the Saxon Bishops Wulfstan of Worcester and Walter of Hereford, were at the head of this important deputation; and when fair words and promises had passed on both sides, the Conqueror advanced to Westminster, where Aldred performed the ceremony of coronation." It seems quite probable that after this many of the waverers came in to pay homage to the new king at Barking. Bishop's Stortford. W. B. GERISH. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' says that after the defeat and death of Harold, William retired to Hastings to see whether the nation would submit to him, but, finding his hopes disappointed, marched northwards with his army, harrying the country as he went, till he came to Berkhampstead : "And there eame to meet him Archbishop Ealdred, and Eadgar child, and Earl Eadwine, and Earl Morkere, and all the best men of London, and then from necessity submitted when the greatest harm had been done.......Then on Midwinter's day Archbishop Ealdred hallowed him King at Westminster." Thorpe's Translation. I can find no mention of Barking in the Chronicle.' C. E. LOMAX. Louth, co. Lincoln. OLIVER CROMWELL'S HEAD (10 S. xi. 349, 389, 453). It is Cromwell's bones that are said to be preserved at Newburgh Priory. In my report on Sir G. Wombwell's early charters for the Historical Manuscripts Commission (vol. ii. of Reports on Various Collections,' 1903, Preface, p. vi), I wrote: In a brick sarcophagus in a loft at the top of the house, carefully secured against violation, the bones of the Protector are supposed to rest, surreptitiously rescued by the filial piety of his daughter." The sarcophagus is enclosed within an iron railing, in consequence of small attempts having been at some time made by inquisitive sight-seers to pierce holes in its walls. W. D. MACRAY. The body of Oliver Cromwell was exhumed with those of Ireton and Bradshaw (by Act of Parliament 8 Dec., 1660), as appears from the following :— May the 4th. day 1661, rec. then in full of the worshipfull Sargeant Norfolke fiveteen shillings for taking up the corpes of Cromell and Ireton & Brasaw rec. by mee. JOHN LEWIS. The three coffins were taken to Tyburn, and on 30 Jan., 1661 (the anniversary of Charles's death), the bodies were hanged at the three angles of gallows until sunset, they were then beheaded, the trunks thrown in a pit under the gallows (?), and the heads set upon poles at Westminster Hall. The decapitation was probably performed hastily, which would account for the nose being broken and for the head having been separated from the body by two distinct irregular blows, the first somewhat high in the neck. There is an ear missing, which, according to tradition, was taken by one of the Russells of Fordham. Samuel Russell, being in pecuniary difficulties, applied for assistance to Mr. Cox, who, partly (as he afterwards confessed) with a view to the acquisition of the head, advanced upwards of 100l. during the seven years ending 30 April. 1787, when, very reluctantly, Mr. Russell by a legal deed transferred the head to Mr. Cox, who concealed it even from his own family, to prevent incessant applications to see it. In 1775 Dr. Southgate, Librarian to the British Museum, was asked his opinion of its identity, and after comparing it carefully with medals, coins, &c., delivered his opinion thus: Gentlemen, you may be assured that this is the head of Oliver Cromwell." The famous medallist Mr. Kirk writes :The head shewn to me for Oliver Cromwell's I verily believe to be his real head; as I have carefully examined it with a coin, and think the outline of the face exactly corresponds with it, be seen, inclines downwards as it does in the so far as remains. The nostril, which is still to coin, the cheek bone seems to be as it is engraved, and the color of the hair is the same as one well copied from an original painting by Cooper, in JOHN KIRK. his time. |