In The Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1767 (xxxvii. 199, numbered by mistake 239, et seq.), are some Remarks from two different Quarters on some of the pictures hibited in Pall-Mall." Both connoisseurs pretend to select the best." On p. 199 is the following : ex "Du feu" resembles closely M. H.'s phrase "with wonderful spirit and fire." As I am quoting mainly from the Mémoires de J. Casanova,' I use the French versions of the names Giacomo and Francesco. ROBERT PIERPOINT. "BOMBAY DUCK."-In a letter to The Times of 4 June Sir George Birdwood “Mr. Cassanova [sic], Bond Street, No. 60. This suggests a new explanation of this phrase, picture shows great strength of genius; the light Viz., that it is a corruption of "Bombay and shadow finely managed; and was the drawing dog," the reason he gives being that "the a little more correct, it might be deemed a painting literary Indian (Telegu) names for the fish of the first class. The other is more tame and are kukka-mutti-i.e., dog [literally "the cold, though his sky and some of the rocks are barker "] pilchard,' and kukka-savara―i.e., very grand, and worthy the attention of landscape-dog-snake,'"; and he adds that "it is painters." This is the criticism of "A Lover of the Arts." Then follows that of "M. H." : "Mr. Cassanova. His battle piece is a noble design, and painted with wonderful spirit and fire. The march over the Alps is also a prodigious fine picture; I believe him to be the first painter in this way in Europe." No. 60 is apparently the number of one or both of the pictures. It appears probable that this Mr. Cassanova was François Casanova, though Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, edited by R. E. Graves, does not say that he ever visited England. Neither is there any mention of such a visit in the Biographie Universelle.' François Casanova was a painter of battle-pieces, and, according to the Biographie Universelle,' his drawing was faulty, at all events when he was young. This is the complaint made by "A Lover of the Arts," as noted above, concerning Mr. Cassanova; and a similar one appears at greater length in the criticism made by Jacques Casanova as to his brother's paintings. According to the Fragments des Mémoires du Prince de Ligne' (Mémoires de J. Casanova,' Paris edition, viii. 459), Jacques, conversing with Catherine II. of Russia, on meeting her for the first time in the Empress's summer garden at St. Petersburg, being asked by her whether he was not the brother of the painter, asked her how she knew that dauber (barbouilleur). The Empress replied that she valued him as a man of genius. Upon that Casanova said: "Oui, madame, du feu plutôt, du coloris, de l'effet et quelque belle ordonnance; mais le dessin et le fini ne sont pas son fort." The Prince de Ligne considered this a just criticism. The above is omitted in the Brussels edition. so called from its stealthy and deadly mode of attacking the other fishes which this depraved and degraded looking little monster makes its daily prey." In a letter to The Times of 5 June Mr. A. L. Mayhew showed the untenability of some of Sir George Birdwood's arguments in support of this very far-fetched derivation, and said : "I believe that the phrase 'Bombay Duck' may be explained in the same manner as the phrase tention is that Bombay Duck' is simply a playful Oxford Hare' and 'Welsh Rabbit.'. My conphrase, requiring no arduous philological research." Not only do I agree entirely with Mr. Mayhew, but I can, I think, set at rest, once for all, any doubt in the matter. In A Voyage to India' (published 1820) the Rev. James Cordiner describes his first impressions of Bombay, where he arrived from England on 19 May, 1798, and on P. 67 says: "This place is likewise remarkable for an excelthe nature of a sand eel, but softer, and of a lent small fish called bumbelo. It is something of superior flavour, about a foot in length, and of the thickness of a man's finger. When fried, in its fresh state, it is of the consistence of a strong jelly, and more delicate than a whiting: it is, however, state a great quantity of these fishes is exported; most commonly eaten after being dried, in which they afford an excellent seasoning to boiled rice, which always forms a dish at breakfast, and receives. from them a most agreeable relish. The sailors, by way of joke, call them Bombay Ducks." This gives us an example of the literary use of the phrase sixty years earlier than the earliest in Hobson-Jobson' and the 'N.E.D. and proves that the descriptive appellation for the dried fish was in common use before the end of the eighteenth century. I have not the least doubt that Cordiner is right in attributing the name "Bombay duck" to sailors, to whom we are indebted for not a few facetiæ in nomenclature. 66 Dolma I feel doubtful, however, regarding the morning I counted four entirely different origin of the name ducks as descriptive orthographies of this name. The spelling of Bombay soldiers or civilians (the 'N.E.D.' at the head of this note I take from an and Yule differ as to which is meant). Were excellent authority, Redhouse's 'Turkish the Bombay men so called from the popular Lexicon,' 1890. It has the merit, at any name of the fish, or from the fact (if it be rate, of being easy to pronounce. a fact) that they wore clothes (? trousers) Bagcha means "the filled-up little park," of duck? TheN.E.D.' I notice, favours this part of Constantinople being on the neither of these derivations, but implies site of a former harbour: dolma, filled up; that the soldiers of the Bombay Presidency bagcha, a little garden or park. got their name from the bird. Perhaps JAS. PLATT, Jun. some reader of N. & Q.' can solve this question. Returning to the dried fish, I may mention that in Ceylon it is called by the Sinhalese bombili, but I suspect that this name was introduced into the island with the condiment, which has a large sale there. DONALD FERGUSON. CHAUCER'S TWO ALLUSIONS TO PERSIUS. -In The Canterbury Tales,' F 721, occurs the line I sleep never on the mount of Pernaso, which (as we learn from a side-note in the Ellesmere MS.) was suggested by 1. 2 of the prologue to the Satires of Persius, viz., 6 66 "YAMUYLE," A VICTUAL.-The Brut; or, the Chronicles of England' (E.E.T.S.) has at p. 435, dating c. 1480, and referring to the siege of Orleans: vij M of Frensshe men fill vpon oure men as they went toward the Toune with vitaill that is called yamuyle." This can hardly be other than the French gamelle (Lat. camella), a military term for a mess bowl, or platter; hence the mess itself. H. P. L. JOHN ANGEL OR ANGER.-In Musgrave's 'Obituary' there are two entries, John Anger and John Angel, under date 25 Jan., 1751, The London Magazine has both of them in its list of deaths. The Gentleman's Magazine has only that referring to John Anger. John Anger is described in both as a proprietor of lighthouses in the North for the conveniency of shipping; Angel as in the commission of peace for Surrey. John Anger is a myth. John Angel was the proprietor of the lighthouses in the North, as will be seen by a reference to his will, proved (P.C.C. Busby 68) March, 1751, as follows: Neque in bicipiti somniasse Parnasso Memini, &c. I now find that Chaucer was indebted to another passage in the same very short prologue for the remarkable form "Pegasee' (for Pegaseus), which occurs in The Squire's Tale,' F 207. Here another marginal note in the same MS. has equus Pegaseus. I have noted (Chaucer's Works,' v. 376) that Chaucer was thinking of the adjectival form Pegaseus rather than of Pegasus as a sub-1 stantive. This is not quite right, but very nearly so. For a side-note in the Cambridge MS. Dd. tells us a little more. runs thus: "id est, equus Pegaseus Percius 4to." Here either 4to is an error for " 14to," or it is short for "quatuordecimo," SC. versu," as the allusion is obviously to 1. 14 of the same prologue, viz., 66 ,, Cantare credas Fegaseium nectar; It : John "I do hereby give devise and bequeath unto my good friends and executors Mr. Robert Alsop one of the Aldermen of the City of London Mr. William Cockell of Blackwell Hall London Factor and Mr. Nicholas Spencer of the Parish of St. Margaret Westminster in the County of Middlesex Sadler and their heirs all that my Lighthouse or Lights erected and built upon a piece of ground Head at the Mouth of the River Humber in the situate lying and being on the Spurne Point or County of York." Owing to a printer's or possibly clerical error, Gent. Mag. makes Angel read Anger, and this, being copied by the London, has been perpetuated in Musgrave. M. B. LORD ALTHORP IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS IN 1806.-In Le Marchant's Memoir of Viscount Althorp, Earl Spencer' (p. 88), it is stated that Althorp, having been obliged to retire from Okehampton when he stood for the University" (of Cambridge on Pitt's death), "had to seek another seat, and found one very expeditiously at St. Albans." This statement is reproduced in the 'D.N.B.'; but despite these authorities it is incorrect. Althorp vacated his seat for Okehampton on accepting office as a Lord of the Treasury early in February: the poll for Cambridge took place on 7 Feb.; the new writ for Okehampton was ordered on that day, and Althorp was re-elected for his old constituency on 15 Feb. He never sat for, nor did he ever contest, St. Albans. How easily errors are made and perpetuated in works of standard authority! ALFRED B. BEAVEN, M.A. Selkirk's adventures, except that the com- ALECK ABRAHAMS. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. BRING," ARCHAIC USE.-I was under the impression that the use of this verb in the sense of "to take" in certain quarters in America, not always of necessity plebeian SIR FRANCIS BACON ON TASTING.-Can ones, was а mere vulgarism, as in the any of your readers give me the exact phrase "Bring that letter to the post reference for the following statement, which office"; but I find that Dr. Marcus Hartog, is said to have been made by Sir Francis an old fellow-student of mine at University Bacon in his 'Natural Philosophy' :College, London, in an article (by himself and Miss Hayden) on the Irish dialect of English in The Fortnightly Review of April instances it as a current Irish use having an older English origin. I do not find this early use of to bring " noticed in the 'N.E.D.,' however, which merely mentions the totally dissimilar "bring to," as in to bring her to," i.e., persuade (Tom Jones'); "to bring her to," i.e., revive Uncle Tom's Cabin'); and the nautical locution "to bring to a ship," i.e., to cause it to stop. N. W. HILL. 66 New York. 66 DARK ROOM IN PHOTOGRAPHY.-I am informed by Mr. Herbert Awdry that Henry Fox Talbot, the inventor of the method of producing by photography any number of prints on paper from a negative on glass, resided at Lacock Abbey, and that the first dark room used in this process c. 1838, was an early English crypt there. This fact seems to be of sufficient interest J. T. F. for a note. Durham. ROBINSON CRUSOE'S LITERARY DESCEND "Sir Francis Bacon observes, in his 'Natural Philosophy,' that our taste is never pleased better than with those things which at first created a disgust in it. He gives particular instances, of claret, coffee, and other liquors, which the palate seldom approves upon the first taste, but, when it has once got a relish of them, generally retains it for life." This quotation is first given in an essay by Addison in The Spectator, No. 447, for Saturday, 2 Aug., 1712, and is to be found on pp. 293-4 of vol. vii. of The Spectator reprinted in 1817. The title of the essay is The Influence of Custom.' F. S. PITT-TAYLOR, M.B., CH.B. The Lawn, Rock Ferry. ROBERT AGASSIZ.-Comte Marquiset is engaged on a life of the famous French actress of the First Republic, Mlle. Langes. Information is sought as to Mr. Robert Agassiz. who is connected with her story, and is said to have been a London banker. The name is best known in connexion with American science, but was originally Swiss. HISTORICUS. HERRICK ON THE YEW.-What does Herrick mean by the epithet "crispèd "wrinkled ANTS. (See Crusoe Richard Davis,' 10 S. yew"? Southey writes of a xi. 425.)-To this list can be added "The holly," evidently alluding to the edge of Adventures of Philip Quarll, the English the leaf. Yew leaves are straight. But Hermit, who was discovered by Mr. Dor- the general effect of a yew tree, especially rington on an Uninhabited Island, where he of some varieties, is often crinkly when had lived upwards of Fifty Years. London: battered by wind and rain. I am inclined Printed by and for Hodgson & Co., 10, to think it is this general effect that struck Newgate Street. Sixpence." with folding Herrick-Milton, too, when he wrote in hand-coloured frontispiece in compartments 'Comus':dated July 22, 1823. This, unlike Crusoe Richard Davis,' is on the same lines as Along the crispèd shades and bowers. 66 COLERIDGE'S LECTURES ON SHAKESPEARE. -Dykes Campbell, in a foot-note to p. 184 of his Life of Coleridge,' states, in reference to the 1811-12 course of lectures on Shakespeare, that more extended reports of the first eight lectures, by a Mr. Tomalin, have recently been discovered, and may yet be published." Can any reader of N. & Q.' inform me as to the whereabouts of these reports? J. SHAWCROSS. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS Wanted. 1. The iron dogs, the fuel, and the tongs, The fire-brands, ashes, and the smoke, Do all to righteousness provoke. EDWARD, DUKE OF YORK, AND MISS FLOOD.-In contemporary newspapers it is hinted that there was a liaison between a sister of Henry Flood, the Irish statesman, and Edward, Duke of York, brother of George III., who died in September, 1767. A secret marriage is also suggested. As the matter does not appear to have become notorious, it may be a mere journalistic canard, but I should be glad to know of any reference to the rumour in memoirs of the time. HORACE BLEACKLEY. MUNRO OF NOVAR.-According to Leaves from the Note-Books of Lady Dorothy 2. Monsters of imagination, begotten upon a cloud Nevill,' the very fine collection of pictures of of Statistics. (This is before 1860.) RICHARD H. THORNTON. I should like to know how far this experience accords with that of other meteorological observers. A. I. Torquay. DUELS BETWEEN WOMEN.-In The Town and Country Magazine, xvii. 626, there is a story of a duel between Miss Roach or Le Roche, afterwards Lady Echlin (see 10 S. xi. 501), and another lady, who is styled "the Fair Hibernian." Again, in The Carlton House Magazine for August, 1792, vol. i. p. 359, it is stated that "Lady Almeria Braddock and Mrs. Elphinstone had not long ago an affair of honour in Hyde Park, first with pistols, and afterwards with swords." Possibly these anecdotes were intended to be facetious, and as I have never come across any corroboration I regard them with suspicion. Is there a reference to such an incident in any other contemporary publications? HORACE BLEACKLEY. Munro of Novar was sold in order to help the Turks, in 1878, by his successor and heir the late Mr. Butler Johnston, M.P. I am trying to trace the present whereabouts of in the collection, and should be glad to some of the pictures which I know were learn where an annotated sale-catalogue can be seen. L. L. K. HENRY V.'s CORPSE.-For the last week or ten days the funeral ceremonies of "such a King Harry " have been daily enacted in our midst. It is interesting to remember, as one thinks of it, that when the original event took place the body of the monarch was all dismembered in the coffin. In L'Annonce et la Réclame' (p. 45), M. Michaud, t. ii. p. 567), who records :Franklin quotes Juvénal des Ursins (Édit. paesle, tellement que la chair se sépara des os. "Son corps fut mis par pièces et bouilly en une L'eau qui restoit fut jettée en un cimetière, et les os avec la chair furent mis en un coffre de plomb avec plusieurs espèces d'espices, de drogues odoriférantes et choses sentant bon." 6 I should like to know what the MS. Coll. Arms 1st M. 14, f. 29, from which there is Handbook' (p. 91), says of the embalming. an excerpt in the English Church Pageant Henry V. died at Vincennes in 1422. ST. SWITHIN. J. HAMBLEY ROWE, M.B. Are any The VON trates,' a sermon on the same text, Titus historian, for thirty years Treasurer of the iii. 1 (1683), is by the British Museum Congregational Union of England and Wales. Catalogue ascribed in one place to Jonathan Mr. Hanbury died at 16, Gloucester Villas, Clapham, and in another page to John Brixton, in 1864, leaving all his property Chapman. Replies direct will oblige. to his only daughter, Mary Ann. latter was living at Brixton in 1868, but not in 1870. I cannot trace when she died, nor what became of her father's books. W. J. C. relatives now living? "VOLKSBÜCHER. HERAUSGEGEBEN G. O. MARBUCH."—I have a copy of this very interesting publication (Nos. 1-34, 1838-42), bound in four volumes. I should like to learn whether or not this is a complete set. Perhaps some German scholar among your readers can give me the desired information. Included in the collection are many old-time histories and stories, such as The Life and Death of Dr. Faust,' a metrical version of Reynard the Fox,' some Arthurian tales, 83, Grange Road, Bradford. ROBERT NEWMAN, ENGRAVER.-I should be very much obliged for any information relating to the above. He was born at Wincanton, Somerset, in 1768, and I believe was of some repute; but I can find nothing further about him, and his name does not appear in the ordinary books of reference. W. P. D. S. BUTTERWORTH: ITS DERIVATION.-Will any of your contributors kindly inform me what is the origin or meaning of this placename? Butterworth is a part of the borough of Rochdale, and from it all people of that name more or less claim to spring. Col. Fishwick in his ' History of Rochdale,' p. 114, gives an ancient spelling or reading of the name as "Botterwort." Dr. Colby March in his 'Rochdale PlaceNames' writes that Butterworth, formerly Botwerth and Botesworth, 1270, is from Norse buthor, the bittern. Worth" is a fenced field or farm (allied to N. garth, A.-S. yard). Canon I. Taylor says that in Buttermere, Butterhill, and Buttergill we have the N. Christian name Buthar. was connected Mr. H. Brierley (who with Rochdale), in a lecture he gave last March at Rochdale, 'On Places and Surnames,' stated as follows: "Butterworth was absolutely allied to Rochdale. He never knew any one of that name anywhere else who did not claim relationship with Rochdale. In the Peninsular War the soldiers of that name from Lancashire used to say, 'We're all Johnny Butterworth's lads.' 'butter.' Butterworth had nothing to do with It was often spelt Bot or Bedworth, and in Cheshire it was Bud; originally it was 'Bodder,' meaning a messenger." In support of Mr. Brierley's statement I find that Ferguson in his 'Surnames as a Science,' at p. 46, gives Bod, Bud,' envoy," and includes in this section O.G. Botthar; Botterus, Domesday; Eng. Butter, Buttery. 66 Butterton, a village in Staffordshire on the borders of Derbyshire, may be allied with Butterworth. W. H. VAUGHAN. BENJAMIN HANBURY'S LIBRARY.-I should be glad of any information which might help me to find what became of the library of Benjamin Hanbury, the Nonconformist 6 &c. Byker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. W. NIXON. ASTRONOMY IN THE MIDDLE AGES.Where can an account of the astronomical knowledge possessed by the building guilds and monks of the Middle Ages be obtained, or where may references to such knowledge be found? AGRI. "BRANNE AND WATER" : BREAD AND WATER.-In the villages near when I was a child it was a rare event for any one to be taken to the "Bastile," as the workhouse was then called by every one. It was a general opinion, too, that often they were "bread-and-water diet; why, put on a however, none seemed to know. Is there any early mention of bread and water as a diet for poor persons, other than prisoners? In The Old Spelling Shakespeare,''Love's Labour's Lost' (Chatto & Windus, 1907), we read: "Ferdinand: Sir, I will prononc your sentence: shall fast a weeke, with you On bran and water, Branne and Water.'" life would be more intolerable than on bread and water. THOS. RATCLIFFE. Worksop. 6 CAPT. GEORGE FARMER. (See 6 S. ii. 467, 522; iii. 237; 7 S. iv. 409, 473, 537; vii. 158; 8 S. vi. 365; ix. 398.)-The subject of the portraits of Capt. Farmer and the ment which he fought have been dealt with engravings of the well-known naval engageat the above references, but I have recently acquired two further pictures of the engagement about which I should be glad of some further information. 1. This is a coloured lithograph of the action, and is entitled Combat entre la |