now, you will find the difference to be just as if a man had a cloak that he wore plain in Queen Elizabeth's days, and since, here has put in a piece of red, and there a piece of blue, and here a piece of green, and there a piece of orange-tawny. We borrow words from the French, Italian, Latin, as every pedantic man pleases.

IV. We have more words than notions; half a dozen words for the same thing: sometimes we put a new signification to an old word, as when we call a piece a gun. The word gun, was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man, long before there was any gunpowder found out.

V. Words must be fitted to a man's mouth; 'twas well said of the fellow that was to make a speech for my Lord Mayor, he desired to take measure of his Lordship's mouth.

LAW.

1. A MAN may plead not guilty, and yet tell no lie; for, by the law, no man is bound to accuse himself; so that when I say, not guilty, the meaning is, as if I should say by way of paraphrase, I am not so guilty as to tell you; if you will bring me to a trial, and have me punished for this you lay to my charge, prove it against me.

II. Ignorance of the law excuses no man;

not

not that all men know the law, but because it is an excuse every man will plead, and no man can tell how to confute him.

III. The King of Spain was outlawed in Westminster Hall, I being of counsel against him. A merchant had recovered costs against him in a suit which, because he could not get, we advised to have him outlawed for not appearing, and so he was. As soon as

Gondomar heard that, he presently sent the money, by reason, if his master had been outlawed, he could not have the benefit of the law, which would have been very prejudicial, there being then many suits depending betwixt the King of Spain and our English merchants.

IV. Every law is a contract between the King and the People, and therefore to be kept. A hundred men may owe me an hundred pounds as well as any one man; and shall they not pay me because they are stronger

than I?

Objection. Oh, but they lose all if they keep that law.

Anfwer. Let them look to the making of their bargain. If I sell my lands, and when I have done one comes and tells me I have nothing else to keep me: I and my wife and children must starve if I part with my land; must I not therefore let them have my land that have bought it and paid for it? E a

V. Th

V. The Parliament may declare law as well as any other inferior court may, viz. the King's Bench. In that or this particular

case, the King's Bench will declare unto you what the law is, but that binds nobody whom the case concerns: so the highest court, the Parliament may do, but not declare law, that is, make law that was never heard of before.

I. I cannot fancy to myself what the law of nature means but the law of God. How should I know I ought not to steal, I ought not to commit adultery, unless somebody had told me so? Surely it is because I have been told so. It is not because I think I ought not to do them, nor because you think I ought not; if so, our minds might change; whence then comes the restraint? From a higher power, nothing else can bind: I cannot bind myself, for I may untie myself again; nor an equal cannot bind me, for we may untie one another: It must be a superior power, even God Almighty. If two of us make a bargain, why should either of us stand to it? What need you care what you say, or what need I care what I say? Certainly because there is something about me that tells me, fides eft fervanda, and if we after alter

our

our minds, and make a new bargan, there's fides fervanda there too.

LEARNING.

I. NO man is the wiser for his learning; it may administer matter to work in, or objects to work upon, but wit and wisdom are born with a man.

II. Most men's learning is nothing but history duly taken up. If I quote Thomas Aquinas for some tenet, and believe it, because the schoolmen say so, that is but history. Few men make themselves masters of things they write or speak.

III. The Jesuits and the Lawyers of France, and the Low-Country men, have engrossed all learning. The rest of the world make nothing but homilies.

IV. It is observable, that in Athens, where the arts flourished, they were governed by a Democracy learning made them think themselves as wise as any body, and they would govern as well as others : and they spoke, as it were, by way of contempt, that in the East, and in the North, they had Kings: and why? because the most part of them followed their business, and if some one man had made himself wiser than the rest, he governed them, and they willingly submitted themselves to him. Aristotle makes the observation; and as in Athens the philosophers made the people knowing,

E 3

and

and therefore they thought themselves wise enough to govern; só does preaching with us; and that makes us affect a Democracy. For upon these two grounds we all would be governors, either because we think ourselves as wise as the best, or because we think ourselves the elect, and have the spirit, and the rest a company of reprobates that belong to the devil.

LECTURERS.

1. LECTURERS do in a parish church what the friars did heretofore; get away not only the affections but the bounty that should be bestowed upon the minister.

II. Lecturers get a great deal of money, because they preach the people tame, as a man watches a hawk, and then they do what they list with them.

HI. The lectures in Blackfriars, performed by officers of the army, tradesmen, and ministers, is as if a great Lord should make a feast, and he would have his cook dress one dish, and his coachman another, his porter a third, &c.

LIBEL S.

1. THOUGH some make slight of libels, yet you may see by them how the wind sits: as take a straw and throw it up into the air, you