morbid avidity anything savouring of the supernatural, gave implicit credence to the spiritual photographer, and refused to be convinced of what the majority of the world fully believed. On these parties Mr. Mumler mainly relied for evidence in his defence.

The announcement that the examination of the case would be continued yesterday, drew together a large and miscellaneous audience, including a number of the most distinguished of the believers in, and propagators of, the doctrines of Spiritualism, many legal gentlemen, curious to note the points of law which might arise during the trial, and a sprinkling of middle-aged ladies, believers evidently, who watched the proceedings with an interest scarcely exceeded by that of the party principally concerned. The examination was held in the Special Sessions Court Room; members of the bar, distinguished Spiritualists (among them Judge Edmonds and Mr. Mc Donald), and the ladies, being accommodated with seats inside the railing.

The principal defendant, Mr. Mumler, a man of about 40 years of age, with dark hair, beard, and eyes, and olive complexion, was seated next to his counsel, Messrs. J. T. Townsend, Day, and ex-Fire-Marshal Baker, and appeared perfectly calm and self-possessed, ready at a moment's notice to whisper to his counsel a question touching some important point which he desired to elicit from the witness. Mumler's face is one of the few from which one fails to gather any trace of character. It is calm and fathomless, and although it would be harsh to say that it is unprepossessing, it is yet a face which one would scarcely be able to believe in at first sight.

The People were represented by Mr. Eldridge Geary, and the first witness called was Marshall Joseph H. Tooker, through whose instrumentality the spiritual photograph business was brought to the notice of the authorities. He deposed that in consequence of information from Mr. P. V. Hickey of The World, the Mayor had ordered him to "look up" the case, which he did by assuming a false name, and having his photograph taken by Mumler. After the taking of the picture the negative was shown him, with a dim, indistinct outline of a ghostly face, staring out of one corner, and he was told that the picture represented the spirit of his father-in-law. He, however, failed to recognize the worthy old gentleman, and emphatically. declared that the picture neither resembled his father-in-law, nor any of his relations, nor yet any person whom he had ever seen or known. The other portions of Marshall Tooker's testimony were published in The Tribune at the time of the first discovery of the alleged swindle, and therefore it would be useless to recapitulate. With this testimony the prosecution rested.

For the defence the first evidence introduced was that of Wm. P. Slee a photographer of Poughkeepsie. He had thoroughly investigated Mumler's process, but could find no device or trickery in it. Mumler had produced spiritual photographs in his presence, and from the camera in use at his gallery in Poughkeepsie, but with his knowledge of photography-a knowledge extending over several years he was utterly unable to discover how the thing bad been done. He thought the same result could be produced by natural or mechanical means, but could not make a positive assertion to that effect, never having tried it.

WILLIAM W. GUAY, who was employed as an assistant to Mumler, receiving one half of the profits of the business, testified: I have a recollection of having met Marshal Tooker at No. 530 Broadway; he called there and expressed a desire to have a spiritual photograph taken, asking me whether I could do it, and on what terms. I demanded our usual price ($10 in advance), but as he professed his inability to pay that amount, I consented to receive $2 as a deposit. I did not know Marshal Tooker, and had no suspicion of his design. Eight years ago I was specially commissioned by Andrew Jackson Davis to go to Boston, where Mumler was operating, and make a strict investigation into his process. I made the investigation with the consent of Mumler, and though I tested the process by every means I could devise, I could find no trick or device, and became convinced that the spectral pictures appearing on photographs of living persons were actually and truly likenesses of those departed, and were produced by means other than those known by artists. I know of two or three methods of producing ghost-like figures similar to these: one by placing a person behind the sitter, another by a peculiar arrangement of reflectors, and the third by chemical means. When Marshal Tooker

called on me, I told him (as I generally tell most persons) that the spiritual picture shown on his photograph would be that of the spirit most closely in sympathy with him. Mrs. Mumler was generally in the room when customers called; she is a medium. I am a believer in the system of philosophy emanating from Andrew Jackson Davis. I would prefer not to say whether I believe in Spiritualism and spiritual manifestations

or not.

Judge EDMONDS, one of the most distinguished advocates of the doctrines of Spiritualism, testified: I have known Mr. Mumler some two or three weeks; on the occasion of my becoming acquainted with him I had gone to his gallery with Dr. John F. Gray and a Mr. Hunt, at the invitation of the former, to have my photograph taken; I had two pictures taken, assu

ming a different attitude each time. (Two photographs shown) These are the photographs; in one, I assumed a position which allowed only the taking of my side-face; in the other, I faced the camera; one of these pictures is a face which I think I recognize; the other is unknown to me. (The photographs were very fair pictures of the Judge, each having near the upper right hand corner, a dim outline of a female face, sufficiently distinct, however to shew that the lady was very beautiful. It would appear that spiritual manifestations abounded on that occasion, for the faces on these pictures are entirely different, although both are charmingly pretty.) Judge Edmonds here became retrospective, and detailed several facts and circumstances relative to spiritual photography which had come to his knowledge many years ago. Returning to Mumler he said: I know a great many persons who have visited Mumler, some of whom have met with astonishing success in procuring spirit pictures of departed friends. Mr. Livermore, of Wall-street, has been peculiarly successful. (Another photograph shown), this time a fine-looking young man, seated in a pensive attitude, with his eyes cast downward. Behind his chair, and leaning over his head, is the spectral whiteclad form of a lady, whose hands rest on his shoulder. This is the most remarkable of the photographs exhibited in court, from the fact that the photographers present declared that by no means known to them, other than the bodily presence of some one behind the chair, could the picture of the lady's hand be produced). Spiritualists reason that these photographs are actual pictures of disembodied spirits, but they do not know. I am myself not prepared to express a definite opinion. I believe, however, that in time the truth or falsity of spiritual photography will be demontrated, as Spiritualism itself has been demonstrated, and I therefore say that it would be best to wait and see. The art is as yet in its infancy.

Cross-examined: They charged me $10 for the first sitting, and $5 for each of the others; at the time my picture was taken there were present Messrs. Grey, Hunt and Mumler. I watched the operator closely while he was taking the picture, but could detect no fraud; of course, with my limited knowledge of the photographic art, I would not have been able to tell if he had used fraudulent means to effect his end. I have no definite opinion as to these pictures, having many years ago made up my mind never to form an opinion without knowledge; invariably, when I have done so, I have made an ass of myself. I believe that the camera can take a photograph of a spirit, and I believe also that spirits have materiality-not that gross materiality that mortals possess, but still they are material enough to be visible to the human eye, for I have seen them. Only a few days since

I was in a court in Brooklyn, when a suit against a life assurance company for the amount claimed to be due on a certain policy was being heard. Looking toward that part of the court-room occupied by the jury, I saw the spirit of the man whose death was the basis of the suit. The spirit told me the circumstances connected with the death; said that the suit was groundless, that the claimant was not entitled to recover from the company, and said that he (the man whose spirit was speaking) had committed suicide under certain circumstances. I drew a diagram of the place at which his death occurred, and on showing it to the counsel, was told that it was exact in every particular.

I had never seen the place nor the man, nor had I ever heard his name until I entered that court-room; the appearance of the spirit was shadowy and transparent; I could see material objects through it. The first spirit I ever saw was that of Judge Talmage, who was leaning against a window-casement; I saw that window-casement plainly through his body. Question by Counsel: How do spirits dress? or do they dress? A. I have seen spirits clothed in their everyday dress and in their graveclothing, but never saw one without clothing.

On being asked whether he could define the meaning of the word hallucination, the Judge replied: It is a word difficult to define excepting by illustration. About as fair a case as I can give is that of Othello, who laboured under an idea that his wife was unfaithful to him. Hallucination is a phase of insanity. It arises from some imaginary or erroneous idea.

On descending from the witness-stand the Judge was asked by a gentleman how the spirit spoke to him. He replied: I do not know how he spoke, but I know that he conveyed to my mind the impressions he desired to leave there.

Mr. JEREMIAH GORNEY, of No. 707, Broadway, testified: I have been a photographer for 28 years; I have witnessed Mumler's process, and although I went prepared to scrutinize everything, I could find nothing which savoured of fraud or trickery; it was the usual process of preparing a plate for taking a photograph, the only thing out of the usual routine being the fact that the operator kept his hand on the camera; I have no belief as to the spiritual emanation of these photographs; on the contrary, I believe, although I cannot assert positively, that they are produced by purely natural means.

Mr. JAMES R. GILMORE, an author whose nom de plume is Edmond Kirk, was next called. He testified: During last month I was requested by the author of Harper's Weekly to investigate this spiritual photography affair, and write an article regarding it. I called on Mr. Mumler, stated my business and desire to investigate the workings of his process, and

had my picture taken. (Photograph shown. This was a fair likeness of Mr. Gilmore; but the spiritual accompaniment was much more dim and indistinct than on most of the others shown; and bore rather a likeness to Justice Dowling; "being only,' as Mr. Gilmore expressed it, "a little better looking.") I had a second and third picture taken, but on none of them appeared a spiritual face which I could recognize as that of a departed relative. That on the second photograph, however, greatly resembled a gentleman now in court. (The witness was about to point out the gentleman alluded to, when counsel for the defence objected.) The witness then described Mumler's method of taking pictures, and continued: At the third trial, the spirits apparently refused to co-operate. While the plate was being prepared, Mrs. Mumler, who was present, told me she saw a spirit near me. She described the spirit; and her description tallied so exactly with that of a friend, whom I lost some years ago, that I recognized him at once by her description. She said I would have a picture of that friend on the next photograph. When the negative was shown me, I found that the spectral picture was not that of my friend, but of some person utterly unknown to me. I could detect nothing unusual in Mumler's operations, although I watched him while preparing the plates, while at the camera, and finally went with him into a darkened room, where the picture was developed. I afterwards called on Mr. Rockwood, another photographer, who told me that he could produce spectral figures by natural means-he tried it in various ways, but I always detected some trickery, such, for instance, as his standing behind my chair.

Mr. ELMER TERRY testified that he had had a picture taken by Mumler, on which there appeared a picture of his son, who had been dead 20 years. He continued: The resemblance was good; my son never had a photograph or picture_taken while he was alive. When the photograph was taken, I discovered no imposition or trick; I believe disembodied spirits return to earth to visit their friends; I believed in spiritual photography before I went to Mumler. The cross-examination of this witness was peculiarly sharp and exhaustive. The prosecution sought to prove that as the child had been dead 20 years, the recollection of his features by the father must be exceedingly dim, and further, as the picture on the photograph greatly resembled a female child, it was held that perhaps the father's imagination had more to do with its recognition than his memory.

JACOB KINGSLEY testified: I have seen those pictures (two photographs shown him). I called on Mr. Terry who showed them to me; I recognized the pictures as of himself, and noticing the shadowy outline of a child on one of them Í said,