16 ch. 9. 27. ch. & 8; 9. 28; 1 Ki. 13. 6. 1 ch. 8. 30. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, 'I have sinned 17 against the LORD your God, and against you. Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take 18 away from me this death only. And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated 19 the LORD. And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red Sea; there remained not one locust in 20 all the coasts of Egypt. But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that heseech. 4. 21; 11. 10. would not let the children of Israel go. 21 Ninth plague-three days' darkness; the tenth plague threatened. 0 Joel 2. 20. • ch. 9. 22 Ps. 105. 28. AND the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. 22 And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick Am. 4. 13. 23 darkness in all the land of Egypt three days: they saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: "but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings. 24 ch. 8. 22, 23; 9. 4-6 ' ver. & And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your 25 flocks and your herds be stayed: let your 'little ones also go with you. And Moses ver. 10. said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice 26 unto the LORD our God. Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with what we must serve the LORD, until we come thither. 27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. 28 And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face 29 no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die. And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more. 11 And 2 the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: 2 when he shall 2 let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether. Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman 3 of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold. And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people. 4 And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the 5 midst of Egypt: and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the 6 maid-servant that is behind the mill ; and all the firstborn of beasts. And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like 7 it, nor shall be like it any more. But against any of the children of Israel "shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how 8 that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. And *all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. And the LORD said unto Moses, 'Pharaoh shall not hearken unto my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: "and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land. The Passover instituted. 12 AND the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. "ver. 20; eh. 4 21; 14. 4, 8. 2 Chr. 25. 16; Heb. 11. 27. Ge. 15. 14. ch. 3. 22; 12 35 b ch. 3 21; 12. 36; Ps. 106, 46. 2 Sam. 7.9; Est.9.4 deh. 12 12, 23, 29; Job 34. 20; 1 42 ch. 12. 30; Am.5.17. 5 ch. 8. 22. A Jos. 10. 21. see ch. 8. 23. & ch. 12. 33. ch. 3. 19; 7. 4; 10. L ch. 7. 3. ch. 10. 20, 27; Ro. 2.5; 9. 22. ch. 13. 4; Den. 16.1. 3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man Pa lamb, according to the house of their PGe. 4.4:228: John 4 fathers, a lamb for an house and if the household be too little for the lamb, let 1 Obscuring the sun, which was one of the chief objects of their worship. See Gen. xli. 45, and note. 2 The first three verses are to be taken as a parenthesis; either repeating what God had said to Moses before his last interview with Pharaoh, or recording a secret revelation made to him while in the monarch's presence, which, after a short silence, he begins to utter in ver. 4. 3 See note on ch. xii. 35. 4 The lowest slaves in the household ground the corn 1. 29, 36; 1 Cor. á 7; Rev. 5, 6-13 for the family, in a hand-mill made of two stones. 5 Or, had spoken;' certainly before the tenth of the month. Probably these full instructions respecting the Passover had been given while the earlier miracles were being wrought, so that the people might be prepared. 6 Abib, or Nisan, the seventh civil month, beginning in March or April, was now made the first of the sacred year. 7 The Jewish practice was, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty, should partake of one lamb. 5 him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it Lev. 1, 3, 10: 22, 19 6 out from the sheep, or from the goats: and ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of 7 8 Israel shall kill it in the evening' [between the two evenings']. And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. upper -21; Mai. 1. 8, 14; Le. 23. 5; Num. 9. Eph. 1. 7; Heb. 9. ch. 34. 25; Num. 9. 11; Den. 16. 3; 1 Cor. 5. 6-8. ych. 23. 18; 29. 31; 34. 5; Le. 22. 30; Deu. 16. 4. 1. 13. And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and "unleavened 9 bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Eat not of it raw,3 nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purte- Deu. 16. 7. 10 nance thereof. And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and 11 that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staffLk. 12. 35; 1 Pet. in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: "it is the LORD's passover. 12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods 13 [or, princes] of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. 14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial;7 and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.8 Le. 23. 5: Deu. 16 5; 1 Cor. 5. 7. ch. 11. 4, 5; Am. 5. 17. Num. 33. 4; Is, 19. 1. d ch. 21. 6; 22 28; P.. 82. 1, 6; John 10. 34, 35. ch. 6. 2; Is. 43. 11 -15. f Ge. 17. 11; Heb. 11. 28. ch. 13. 9; Jos. 4.7; P. 111. 4. A L. 23. 4, 5; 2 Ki. 23. 21. i vers. 24, 43; eh. 13. 10. kel. 13. 6, 7; 23. 15: 34. 18. 25; Le. 23. 5. 6; Num. 28. 17; D-u. 16. 3,8; 1 Cor. 5, 7 I Ge. 17. 14; Num. 9. 13. 28. 18, 25. ch. 13. 3. 15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the 16 first day until the seventh day, 'that soul shall be cut off from Israel.10 And in the first day there shall be man holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, 37, 8; Num. 17 save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for "in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this 18 day in your generations by an ordinance for ever. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one 19 and twentieth day of the month at even. Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or 20 born in the land. Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. 8 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out 22 and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and 'strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the basin; and 23 none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. "For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and 24 will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. 25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give 26 you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. a And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this 27 service? that ye shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed 1 At the end of the fourteenth day, just before evening twilight, when the fifteenth began, the Passover was killed. 2 That it might be a ceremonial expiation for all who should eat of the lamb in that house. This reminded them that they were distinguished from the Egyptians by God's mercy, not because of their own righteousness. 3 These prohibitions probably refer to the practice of the heathen at their idolatrous festivals. 4 That is, as travellers; for in the house the robe was usually left loose, and the sandals taken off. This part of the institution does not appear to have been permanent. 5 This word represents the meaning of the Hebrew Pesach, or Chaldee Pascha, which, however, includes the idea of protection. See Isa. xxxi. 5. This may mean either princes (see Isa. xix. 1), or the objects of idolatrous worship; but, perhaps, rather powers 1.e. 23. 5; Num. 28. 16. Pch. 23. 15: 34. 18; Deu. 16. 3; 1 Cor. 5 7,8 9 Num. 9. 13. ver. 3: Num. 9. 4; Jos. 5. 10; 2 Ki. 23. 21; Ezra 6. 20; Mt. 26 18, 19; Mk. 14. 12-16; Lk. 22. 7, etc. Ps. 51. 7: Heb. 9. " vers. 12, 13. Fze. 9. 6; Rev. 7. 3; 9. 4. 2 Sam. 24. 16: 1 Cor. 10. 10; Heb. 11. 28. ch, 3. 8, 17. ach. 13. 8, 14; Den. in general, referring to whatever constituted the chief objects of their dependence. 7 The Passover was both a memorial of Israel's preservation and deliverance out of Egypt, and a remarkable type of the great Sacrifice by which an infinitely greater deliverance was to be accomplished, of which this redemption from Egypt was a pledge and type. 8 The annual observance of this feast by the Israelites, through a long course of centuries, even to the present day, corroborates the history of the miracles in which it originated. 9 Hence it is frequently called 'the feast of unleavened bread.' This command appears to have been designed to commemorate the circumstances mentioned in ver. 34. 10 Certainly from the privileges of an Israelite; probably with some other mark of Divine anger-perhaps death. 28 29 over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.' Death of the firstborn of the Egyptians; departure of the Israelites; sanctification of the firstborn. AND it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. 30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a "great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house2 where there was not one dead. 31 33 ech. 4. 31. d Heb. 11. 28. ch. 11. 4. Num. 8. 17: 33 4; Ps. 78 51; 103 36; 135. 8: 136. 10. 5 ch. 4. 23; 11. 5 A ch. 11. 6: Pro 1.13; Am. 5 17; Jam 2 13 i eh. 11. 1; Ps. 196. 38. * ch. 10. 9. "Ge. 27. 34. And he called for3 Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve 32 the LORD, as ye have said. Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have ch. 10. 26. said, and be gone; and " bless me also. "And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them 34 out of the land in haste; for they said, • We be all dead men. And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up 35 in their clothes upon their shoulders. And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians "jewels of silver, ch. 3 22; 11. 2; Ps. 36 and jewels of gold, and raiment: and the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. 37 And the children of Israel journeyed from 'Rameses to Succoth,7 about "six 38 hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. And a mixed multitude 8 39 went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. 40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four 41 hundred and thirty years. And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. 42 43 a It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. C 105 37. 9 ch. 3 21; 11. 3 eb. 3 22; Ge. 15. 14; 11. 21. y ver. 33; ch. 6. 1; 11. 1. Ge. 15 13; Ac. 7. 6; a ver. 51; ch. 7. 4. see Den. 16. 1-6 Le. 22 10; Nam 9. 14. d Ge. 17. 12, 13 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the pass44 over: There shall no stranger eat thereof: but every man's servant that is bought 45 for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. A 46 foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. In one house shall it be 1 Cor. 12 12 eaten; thou shalt not carry forth aught of the flesh abroad out of the house; 47 neither shall ye break a bone thereof. 10 All the congregation of Israel shall 48 keep it. And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover ver. 6; Num. 9. 13 to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised 49 person shall eat thereof. * One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.11 50 51 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. Num. 9. 12; John 19. 33, 36 i Num. 9. 14 * Nom. 9. 14; 15 15 16; Gal. 3 ; Col 3 il And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of ver. 41; Ac. 13. U. Israel out of the land of Egypt " by their armies. 4 The words 'borrowed' and 'lent,' in this and the parallel verses, may be better translated asked' and granted their request;' as in the early English versions. 5 Or, vessels.' 6 Thus God took care that the Israelites should obtain their hard-earned wages from their oppressors, and should be well provided for their journey. 7 Or, booths.' This was their first station. The whole number of the Israelites was probably upwards of two millions-a wonderful increase in 215 years. 8 Probably in part Egyptians, and children of mixed marriages. See Numb. xi. 4. ch. 6. 26 9 From the first calling of Abraham (Gen. xii.) to this time, exactly four hundred and thirty years elapsed. The Greek and Samaritan read, 'The sojourning of the children of Israel and of their fathers in the land of Canaan, and in the land of Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.' See note on Gen. xv. 13; and Gal. iii. 17. 10 This command was probably added because the Passover was intended to be typical as well as commemorative. By making the sprinkling of the blood the only preservative from death, God taught the Hebrews to look to the great Atonement, one peculiarity of which is here distinctly prefigured. See John xix. 33, 36. 11 This taught the Jews that their dedication to God, rather than their descent from Abraham, entitled them to their privileges. See Matt. iii. 9. |