Besides the above specialities the works also are manufacturing steam accumulators for A.-B. Vaporackumulator, Stockholm, and electrical steam boilers for amongst others Apparat A.-B., Stockholm. Delivery list Among the many more or less complete installations may be given an account of some few installations in Sweden and abroad. Skoghall Sulphite and Sulphate Pulp mills, Sweden, belonging to Uddeholms A.-B.; almost all special machines. Deje Sulphate Pulp and Paper mills, Sweden, belonging to A.-B. Mölnbacka-Trysil; among other machines, 5 »Yankee » machines 120"-126" working width. Matfors Paper mills, Sweden, belonging to Skönviks A.-B. 2 modern newsprint machines. Wargöns Sulphite Pulp and Paper mills, Sweden, belonging to Wargöns A.-B. Hylte Sulphite Pulp and Paper mills, Sweden, belonging to Hylte Bruks A.-B. Iggesunds Sulphite and Sulphate Pulp mills, Sweden, belonging to A.-B. Iggesunds Bruk. Contracts General Laboratories Standard turbines II. The Works at Kristinehamn Water Turbines, Automatic Governors, Evolvent-Pendulums, etc. Furthermore, pipe lines, sluice gates, heavy plate works, etc. The aggregate orders received up to the present time amount to 1537 Water Turbines representing 1,450,000 HP., of which 723,000 HP. in Sweden, and 1274 Automatic Governors in addition to numerous installations of pipe lines, sluice gates and other hydraulic constructions for water power plants. The Kristinehamn Works, founded in 1859, have been among the leading turbine firms in the world ever since their incorporation in the Karlstad Works. The development has been exceedingly rapid due to the excellent constructional features of the turbines installed, and the noteworthy high efficiencies obtained. No efforts have been spared to improve types in accordance with fresh requirements in the hydraulic branch and therefore turbines supplied by Kristinehamn Works are always up in class with any European and American manufactures. In 1914 the works established an hydraulical laboratory for systematic research in hydraulics and tests of turbines. The works had already in 1916 a testing plant and station, and since 1914 a high-pressure laboratory. A great many types of runners and shapes of suction pipes have been tested out during these years, and many valuable observations made and utilized in the designs. Besides the special types of water turbines built to suit the conditions of large falls or rapids, the company builds a series of small and medium size Standard Water Turbines. These machines can usually be obtained from stock ready for installation. The designs are purposely made as simple as possible to suit plants with small output, where the attention must be rather scant. The efficiency, nevertheless, is very high, and the safety perfectly ensured by the effective regulating devices with which the turbines are fitted. Tenders for this class of plants can ordinarily be submitted immediately on request. The efficiency of VK-turbines is very high. Since the manufacture of turbines was High efficiency of started some 20 years ago the efficiency has been increased by about 15 % in spite of VK-turbines specific speed having been raised 50 %. This is clearly proved by actual results of late years from several hydraulic power plants built and installed by the works. An efficiency of 90 % and higher is now quite common, and it may be stated in this connection that at twenty official tests the average max. efficiency has not fallen below 89.9 %. The most conspicuous feature in the recent development of water turbines is undoubtedly the striving after a higher speed while at the same time retaining good efficiency. As far as can be judged at present this is realized by Professor Kaplan's invention and the manufacture of this turbine type in Sweden is undertaken by Kristinehamn Works. The VK- Automatic Governors are all fitted with the renowned patented EvolventPendulum where the roller principle has been utilized to a better effect than even in modern ball and roller bearings. Drag and journal friction has been practically removed. This oil pressure Governor is the most sensitive in existance. Kaplan turbines Evolvent pendulums The VK- Water Turbines are most extensively used in Sweden and abroad in a great Installations many of the largest plants. A brief account is given herewith of some of these installations. Swedish State Power Station at Trollhättan, Sweden. 3 turbines, each developing 12,500 HP. at a net head of 31 metres and 187 rpm. 2 turbines, each developing 13,200 HP. at a net head of 31 metres and 187 rpm. Double horizontal Francis turbines mounted in plate casings with axial inlet. Swedish State Power Station at Älvkarleby, Sweden. 5 Turbines, each developing 13,000 HP. at a net head of 15.6 metres and 150 rpm. Quadruple turbines erected in open concrete flumes and provided with inspection shafts. The turbine shafts are mounted in ring lubricated bearings lined with white metal. The turbines are provided with a hydraulic balancing device. Swedish State Power Station at Lilla Edet, Sweden. 1 Turbine developing 10,000 HP. at a head of 6.5 metres and 62.5 rpm. Single Vertica Kaplan Turbine mounted in spiral concrete chamber. The runner is provided with ad Exterior of the Swedish State Power Station at Trollhättan In Sweden Abroad Interior of the Swedish State Power Station at Trollhättan justable blades which are operated by a servo-motor enclosed in the runner boss, which in turn is controlled by the main automatic governor. By this arrangement with adjustable blades a considerable overloading of the turbine is made possible and the efficiency remains nearly constant between full and half load. The turbine shaft runs in a lignum vitae bearing placed on the cover of the guide wheel. The bearing is lubricated and cooled by filtered water. The hydraulic pressure and the weight of the rotating parts of the turbine and generator, which amounts to about 430 tons, is taken by a supporting bearing placed on the top of the generator. Swedish State Power Station at Motala, Sweden. 2 Turbines, each developing 6,000 HP. at a net head of 14-7 metres and 167 rpm. Double horizontal Francis Turbines erected in open concrete pits. The turbines are made with hydraulic thrust device and bearings of the ring oiled type. The back bearings are accessible through the inspection shafts. Untra Power Station, belonging to Stockholms Elektricitetsverk, Stockholm, Sweden. Forshuvudforsen Power Station belonging to Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags A.-B., Falun, 1 Turbine developing 7,700 HP. at a net head of 10-3 metres and 83 rpm. Single vertical Francis Turbine erected in concrete spiral. The turbine shaft is mounted in a bearing lined with white metal placed on the cover of the guide wheel. The hydraulic pressure on the runner and the weight of the rotating parts of the turbine and generator, amounting to 170 tons is taken by a bearing situated on the top of the generator. The supporting bearing which is of the sector type, was also delivered by Kristinehamn Works. Highest efficiency 88 %. Raanaasfos Power Station belonging to Akershus Elektricitetsverk, Christiania, Norway. |