On June 14 and 26, 1978, the subcommittee held hearings on "Export Licensing: CoCom List Review Proposals of the United States," at which administration witnesses testified on the nature of U.S. proposals for multilateral export control coordination, and industry representatives offered a critical evaluation of the U.S. position. On November 4, the subcommittee received testimony from one academic specialist and two industry representatives on "Export Administration Act: Agenda for Reform"; this was the first of a series of hearings to be continued in 1979 on the extension and revision of the Export Administration Act. This hearing was published as "Export Administration Act: Agenda for Reform."

4. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC).-In response to an executive branch proposal (introduced by Messrs. Bingham and Whalen, by request, as H.R. 7854) to revise and extend OPIC's foreign investment insurance and loan guaranty authority, the subcommittee held 6 days of hearings (June 21, 23; July 19, 20, 21; September 8, 1977) on all aspects of OPIC operations. These hearings were published under the title "Extension and Revision of Overseas Private Investment Corporation Programs."

In two markup sessions on H.R. 7854 and 3603 (a bill introduced by Congressman Solarz and others proposing to limit payments of claims to OPIC-insured investors in cases of foreign bribery), the subcommittee reported a "clean bill," H.R. 9179, to the full committee which subsequently reported it favorably, with amendments, to the House.

After initial floor consideration of this legislation November 2-3, 1977, further hearings where held before the full committee principally to examine objections raised by organized labor. The legislation was passed by the House February 23, 1978, and was enacted into law April 24 (Public Law 95-268).

In conjunction with its review of OPIC programs, a subcommittee staff study mission was conducted to five African countries August 8-18, 1977. A summary of staff findings and recommendations based on this study mission was submitted to subcommittee members.

5. Corporate Business Practices and United States Foreign Policy. The subcommittee began a series of hearings on the foreign policy effects of certain business practices abroad by U.S.-based corporations. A first hearing in this series was held September 7, 1977, reviewing various "corporate codes of conduct" approved or under consideration by multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Legislation (H.R. 38151 and 3603) regarding bribery of foreign officials by persons or firms under U.S. jurisdiction was also reviewed at this hearing.

The record of the hearing was published under the title, "Corporate Business Practices and United States Foreign Policy."

6. Coordination of United States International Economic Policy. An informal briefing of subcommittee members was held February 28, 1977, on executive branch plans not to seek renewal of the Council on International Economic Policy (CIEP) created by Congress in 1972 (Public Law 92-412). A detailed explanation of the

This legislation (H.R. 3815) was under the jurisdiction of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee.

basis for this action, as well as other aspects of the executive branch's plans to assure interagency coordination of international economic policy-making, was received from Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal at a September 15, 1977, subcommittee hearing.

This hearing was published under the title "Coordination of United States International Economic Policy."

7. Deep Seabed Mining.-H.R. 3350, a bill providing for U.S. deep seabed mining prior to achievement of an international Law of the Sea Treaty, was received on sequential referral from the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. The Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade and on International Organizations conducted joint hearings in January 1978, and recommended it favorably to the full Committee with numerous amendments, including particularly a provision creating a fund for the sharing of revenues with other nations from U.S. mining activities under a future international agreement. Compromise legislation (H.R. 12988) was subsequently adopted by the House July 26, 1978, as a substitute for H.R. 3350. No action was taken by the Senate.

The subcommittees' hearings were published under the title, “Deep Seabed Hard Minerals Resources Act."

8. International Tin Buffer Stock. Three hearings (February 15, 16, and 21, 1978) were held on legislation (H.R. 9486) requested by the Administration to authorize a contribution of excess tin from U.S. national security stockpiles to the international tin buffer stock managed under the International Tin Agreement, to which the United States is a signatory. The subcommittee recommended the legislation favorably to the full committee with amendments, and it passed the House September 25, 1978.

The hearings were published under the title, "U.S. International Commodity Policies: Tin."

9. Economic Relations with Uganda.-In conjunction with the Subcommittees on International Organizations and on Africa, the subcommittee conducted five hearings (February 1, 2, 9, 22; April 6, 1978) on U.S. economic ties to Uganda. The subcommittee had before them several bills and resolutions calling for economic sanctions against Uganda. The subcommittees recommended to the full Committee H. Con. Res. 612, urging the President to take certain actions with respect to violations of human rights by the Government of Uganda, which passed the House June 12, 1978.

The record of the subcommittees' hearings, "U.S.-Uganda Relations," was published.

10. Economic Relations with South Africa.-In conjunction with the Subcommittee on Africa, the subcommittee held six hearings from June through September 1978 on "United States Private Investment in South Africa," having before them several bills (H.R. 12463, 13262, and 13273) calling for a freeze on such investment and other economic sanctions against South Africa. No action was taken by the subcommittees.

11. Agricultural Export Expansion.-Four hearings were held during April and May of 1978 on legislation proposing various measures to expand agricultural exports, including granting of intermediate export credits under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) pro

gram, opening agricultural export promotion centers abroad, and upgrading U.S. agriculture representatives in foreign markets. The subcommittee recommended H.R. 10584 favorably to the full committee with numerous amendments. It passed the House September 25, 1978, and was enacted into law October 21 (Public Law 95-501).

The hearings were published under the title, "Agricultural Exports and U.S. Foreign Economic Policy."

12. International Investment.-The subcommittee held a hearing April 25, 1978, on legislation (H.R. 12286) requested by the administration to authorize additional funds to carry out studies on international ir vestment under the International Investment Survey Act (Public Law 94-472). At markup on May 4, the subcommittee recommended a "clean bill," H.R. 12589, favorably to the full Committee. It passed the House June 28 and was enacted into law September 22 (Public Law 95-381). The hearing and the markup (including full committee markup on May 10, 1978) were published under the title "International Investment Survey Act Authorization for Fiscal Year 1979."

13. Clayton Act Amendments.-The subcommittee received sequential referral of H.R. 11942 for consideration of section 3, which would have precluded foreign governments from suing in U.S. courts for anti-trust violation damages. A hearing was held on August 3, 1978. The subcommittee reported the bill to the full Committee with a recommendation that section 3 be deleted. On August 9 the Committee voted to report the bill without amendment, but with reservation concerning Section 3. The House took no further action on the bill.

A record of the hearing was published as "Clayton Act Amendments of 1978/International Petroleum Exposition.'

14. International Petroleum Exposition. A hearing was held August 3, 1978, on H.J. Res. 923, authorizing the President to invite officials of foreign governments to an international exposition of petroleum production equipment to be held September 10-13, 1979, in Tulsa, Okla. The subcommittee recommended the resolution favorably to the full committee, which reported the measure August 16. An identical Senate-passed resolution (S.J. Res. 154) passed the House on September 25.

15. United States-Japan Trade.-Two hearings (April 4 and 21, 1978) were held on various aspects of United States-Japan trade. Particular emphasis was given to exports of timber from the United States to Japan. The subcommittee had before it H.R. 7972, a bill calling for prohibition of substitution of timber from private lands for timber from public lands for export. No action was taken. The hearing was published as "United States Trade With Japan/Public Lands Timber Export Bill."

16. International Economic Measures Affecting Developing Countries. Jointly with the Subcommittees on Development and on International Security and Scientific Affairs, the subcommittee held five hearings during the 95th Congress on various international economic conditions particularly affecting less developed countries. The subcommittees reviewed U.S. policy and programs with respect to energy development in the Third World and also examined decisions taken at the 1978 Bonn Summit with particular attention to implications for developing nations.

These hearings were published under the titles "Dollars, Diplomacy and Development" (June 29 and July 26, 1977), "United States Energy Policy Toward Developing Countries" (October 28, 1977), and "The Bonn Summit: Its Aftermath and New International Economic Initiatives" (September 20 and 21, 1978).

Other Activities

Cuba Study Mision. Following up on the subcommittee's review of the foreign policy effects of the U.S. economic embargo on Cuba and its extensive hearings on the embargo (H.R. 6382) in the 94th Congress (see Committee on International Relations Survey of Activities of the 94th Congress, p. 118), the subcommittee chairman conducted a study mission to Cuba February 10-15, 1977. The findings and recommendations of that study mission were published under the title "Toward Improved United States-Cuba Relations."

CRS Reports

Nuclear Proliferation Factbook.-At the request of the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations and the Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, the Congressional Research Service prepared a factbook of essential materials on nuclear proliferation. The purpose of the handbook was to provide information for the ongoing debate over what to do to prevent further proliferation. It included a collection of basic documents relating to national and international approaches to nonproliferation and selected statistical and other quantitative information on the civil use of nuclear energy, on potential diversion of dangerous nuclear materials from peaceful to military and other undesirable uses, and on the effects of nuclear explosions. Published as a joint committee print in September of 1977, the report was entitled "Nuclear Proliferation Factbook."

Additionally, in April of 1978 the Committee on International Relations published another joint committee print entitled "Bibliography: Nuclear Proliferation." This bibliography was prepared by CRS at the request of the same two subcommittees and gave a representative cross-section of books and major reports, articles in journals and magazines, and newspaper articles dealing with the topic of nuclear proliferation.

Hearings

H. Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs

(Mr. Yatron, chairman)

1. Foreign Assistance legislation:

a. Fiscal Year 1978.-Public hearings on economic and military assistance to Latin America were held on March 24, 29 and April 5, 1977.

Testimony was heard from witnesses representing the Department of State, the Agency for International Development, and the Department of Defense. Thomas J. Scanlon, president of Benchmarks, Inc. also testified.

The hearings were published separately under the title "Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1978 (Part 7): Economic and

Military Assistance Legislation for Latin America," and in conjunction with the full committee's and the other subcommittees' activities under the title "Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1978 (Parts 1-9)."

b. Fiscal Year 1979.-Public hearings on economic and military assistance to Latin America for Fiscal Year 1979 were held on March 1, 2, 7, 8, and 21, 1978.

Testifying before the subcommittee were representatives of the Department of State, the Agency for International Development and the Department of Defense.

The hearings were published under the title "Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1979 (Part 7): Economic and Military Assistance for Latin America."

2. Elections in El Salvador.-Joint hearings were held March 9 and 17, 1977 with the Subcommittee on International Organizations. Charges of fraud were made following the victory of Gen. Carlos Humberto Romero who was supported by the ruling military government in the Presidential campaign.

Testimony was given by Charles W. Bray III, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Department of State; Richard Violette, Deputy Secretary for Assistance Operations, Defense Security Assistance Agency, Department of Defense; Remo Ray Garufi, Assistant Director for Development, Office for Central American Affairs, Agency for International Development; William B. Brown, Codirector, Washington Office on Latin America, Washington, D.C., and Ernesto Rivas Gallont, vice chairman, National Association of Private Enterprises of El Salvador.

The hearings were published under the title "The Recent Presidential Elections in El Salvador: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy." 3. U.S. Policy toward the Caribbean.-On June 28, and June 30, 1977, the subcommittee held public hearings on U.S. policy toward the Caribbean.

Testifying before the subcommittee were Assistant Secretary Todman, William Luers, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Department of State; Theodore J. Heavner, Director, Caribbean Countries, AID, and Hon. Abelardo Valdez, Assistant Administrator for Latin America, AID; Dr. Abraham F. Lowenthal, secretary, Latin American Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Dr. Anthony Maingot, professor of sociology, Florida International University, Miami, Fla., and Mr. James Cook, executive editor, Forbes Magazine, New York, N.Y.

The hearings were published under the title "United States Policy Toward the Caribbean."

4. Combating Traffic in Drugs. The subcommittee unanimously reported House Concurrent Resolution 265 on October 26, 1977, endorsing the Hermosillo Declaration on Combating Traffic in Drugs at the international level and urging the President to encourage other nations to cooperate in eradicating narcotics trafficking.