F. Funding of Investigations and Studies

The funding of the committee's investigations and studies is provided for in an annual resolution. For the first session of the 95th Congress it was House Resolution 313:

H. RES. 313

Resolved, That effective January 3, 1977, the expenses of investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on International Relations, acting as a whole or by subcommittee, not be exceed $1,609,983.28, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, and clerical and other assistants, and for the procurement of services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202 (i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)), shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such committee, signed by the chairman of such committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. Not to exceed $85,000 of the total amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202 (i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized purposes.

SEC. 2. No part of the funds authorized by this resolution shall be available for expenditure in connection with the study or investigation of any subject which is being investigated for the same purpose of any other committee of the House; and the chairman of the Committee on International Relations shall furnish the Committee on House Administration information with respect to any study or investigation intended to be financed from such funds.

SEC. 3. The authorization granted by the resolution shall expire immediately prior to noon on January 3, 1978.

SEC. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution shall be expended pursuant to regulations established by the Committee on House Administration in accordance with existing law.

For the second session of the 95th Congress the committee had two funding resolutions. House Resolution 981 provided for the funding of the committee's investigations and studies.

H. RES. 981

Resolved, That effective January 3, 1978, the expenses of investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on International Relations, acting as a whole or by subcommittee, not to exceed $1,745,779.90, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, and clerical and other assistants, and for the procurement of services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202 (i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)), shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such committee, signed by the chairman of such committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. Not to exceed $55,000 of the total amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202 (i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)) ; but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized nurpose.

SEC. 2. No part of the funds authorized by this resolution shall be available for expenditure in connection with the study or investigation of any subject which is being investigated for the same purpose by any other committee of the House; and the chairman of the Committee on International Relations shall furnish the Committee on House Administration information with respect to any study or investigation intended to be financed from such funds.

SEC. 3. The authorization granted by the resolution shall expire immediately prior to noon on January 3, 1979.

SEC. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution shall be expended pursuant to regulations established by the Committee on House Administration in accordance with existing law.

House Resolution 1047 provided for funds in connection with visits to the United States by heads of states and other foreign dignitaries.

H. RES. 1047

Resolved, That (a) it is the purpose of this resolution to enable the House of Representatives more properly to discharge and coordinate its activities and responsibilities in connection with participation in various interparliamentary institutions, to facilitate the interchange and reception in the United States of members of foreign legislative bodies and permanent officials of foreign governments, and to enable the House of Representatives to host meetings with senior United States Government officials and other dignitaries in order to discuss matters relevant to United States relations with other countries.

(b) For payment of expenses incurred in carrying out subsection (a) of this section, there shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House, until otherwise provided by law, such sums as may be necessary but not to exceed $35,000 in any calendar year. Such payments shall be made on vouchers signed by the chairman of the Committee on International Relations and approved by the Committee on House Administration.

SEC. 2. The first section of H. Res. 348, Eighty-seventh Congress, adopted June 29, 1961 (2 U.S.C. 130), and enacted as permanent law by the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1963 (Public Law 87-730: 76 Stat. 680), and H. Res. 434, Ninety-fifth Congress, adopted March 31, 1977. and enacted as permanent law by the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1978 (Public Law 95-94; 91 Stat. 653), shall not be effective in the Ninety-fifth Congress upon the adoption of this resolution and, effective on the date of the enactment of this resolution as permanent law, are repealed.

In addition, the Committee on International Relations adopted a resolution on February 3, 1977, instructing the Subcommittee on International Organizations to inquire into certain matters respecting relations between the United States and the Republic of Korea. The funding of the subcommittee investigation and studies for 1977 was provided for in House Resolution 319:

H. RES. 319

Resolved, That effective from January 3, 1977, the expenses of the investigations and studies to be conducted by the Committee on International Relations, acting through its Subcommittee on International Organizations, pursuant to the resolution adopted on February 3, 1977, by the Committee on International Relations, not to exceed $300,000, including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, individual consultants or organizations thereof, and clerical, stenographic. and other assistants, shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by such committee, signed by the chairman of such committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. However, not to exceed $11,000 of the amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)) ; but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized purpose.

SEC. 2. No part of the funds authorized by this resolution shall be available for expenditure in connection with the study or investigation of any subject which is being investigated for the same purpose by any other committee of the House, and the chairman of the Committee on International Relations shall furnish the Committee on House Administration information with respect to any study or investigation intended to be financed from such funds.

SEC. 3. The authorization granted by this resolution shall expire immediately prior to noon on January 3, 1978.

SEC. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution shall be expended pursuant to regulations established by the Committee on House Administration in accordance with existing law.

In 1978, funding was provided for in House Resolution 996.

H. RES. 996

Resolved, That effective from January 3, 1978, the expenses of the investigation and study to be conducted by the Committee on International Relations, acting through its Subcommittee on International Organizations, pursuant to the resolution adopted on February 3, 1978, by the Committee on International Relations, not to exceed $375,000 including expenditures for the employment of investigators, attorneys, individual consultants or organizations thereof, and clerical, stenographic, and other assistants, shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House on vouchers authorized by said committee, signed by the chairman of said committee, and approved by the Committee on House Administration. However, not to exceed $9,000 of the amount provided by this resolution may be used to procure the temporary or intermittent services of individual consultants or organizations thereof, pursuant to section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 72a (i)); but this monetary limitation on the procurement of such services shall not prevent the use of such funds for any other authorized purpose.

SEC. 2. No part of the funds authorized by this resolution shall be available for expenditure in connection with the study or investigation of any subject which is being investigated for the same purpose by any other committee of the House, and the chairman of the Committee on International Relations shall furnish the Committee on House Administration information with respect to any study or investigation intended to be financed from such funds.

SEC. 3. The authorization granted by this resolution shall expire at the close of October 31, 1978.

SEC. 4. Funds authorized by this resolution shall be expended pursuant to regulations established by the Committee on House Administration in accordance with existing law.

G. Subcommittee Structure

In the spring of 1945 (79th Cong.), the Committee on Foreign Affairs pioneered in creating a subcommittee system. Five geographical area subcommittees on the Far East, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Africa and the Mediterranean Problems, and Western Hemisphere assisted Members, through oversight and frequent consultation with responsible officers of the executive branch, in keeping more fully posted on world developments.

During succeeding Congresses the number of standing subcommittees was increased to ten-five geographical subcommittees (Asian and Pacific Affairs, Europe, Inter-American Affairs, Africa, and Near East and South Asia). four functional subcommittees (National Security Policy and Scientific Developments, State Department Organization and Foreign Operations, International Organizations and Movements, and Foreign Economic Policy), and a special subcommittee for the Review of Foreign Assistance.

During the 94th Congress, the committee undertook a major revision of its subcommittee system. The objective was to encompass in an effective way the new legislative jurisdiction which had been given to the committee by the passage of House Resolution 988, the Committee Reform Act of 1974. In brief the changes entailed:

(1) Abolishing all five geographical subcommittees.

(2) Altering the names and jurisdictions of existing functional subcommittees: The Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments became the Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs; the Subcommittee on State Department Organization and Operations became the Subcommittee on International Operations; the Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements became the Subcom

mittee on International Organizations. (The Subcommittee on International Economic Policy retained its name but gained new jurisdiction.)

(3) Transforming the Special Subcommittee for Review of Foreign Aid Programs into a new, standing Subcommittee on Oversight.

(4) Creating five new subcommittees: International Political and Military Affairs; International Resources, Food, and Energy; Investigations; Future Foreign Policy Research and Development; and International Trade and Commerce.

Because experience demonstrated that the functional subcommittees were not able to deal with regional matters, for the 95th Congress the committee reestablished geographical subcommittees as follows: Subcommittees on Europe and the Middle East, Africa, Asian and Pacific Affairs, and Inter-American Affairs.

The functional Subcommittees on International Security and Scientific Affairs, International Operations and International Organizations were retained with the addition of the Subcommittee on International Development, while the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy became the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade.

The Subcommittees on Oversight; International Political and Military Affairs; International Resources, Food, and Energy; Investigations; Future Foreign Policy Research and Development; and International Trade and Commerce were abolished.

In recent years there has been an increased use of subcommittees for preliminary consideration of pending bills and resolutions. Under long-established practice, members of the full committee are welcome to attend meetings of all subcommittees and are not limited to sessions of those subcommittees on which they themselves serve.

The subcommittees meet on call of their chairmen as frequently as desirable. To avoid conflict with meetings of the full committee, or previously scheduled sessions of other subcommittees, meetings are by decision of the full committee, cleared in advance with the chairman of the full committee through the chief of staff.

H. Publication of Documents

Practically all documents currently published for the use of the committee, with the exception of those having a security classification, are available either for distribution to or inspection by the public. These include reports of study missions and committee hearings, reports on legislation, studies on special subjects, legislative calendar, and survey of activities.

During the 95th Congress, the committee continued the review of previously unpublished material for declassification and release which it had initiated during the 94th Congress. For this purpose, it entered into contracts with the University of Pittsburgh and Dr. Harold L. Hitchens of the university for the selection and proceeding for publication of hearings held during 1951-1956 (82d-84th Congresses). Included in this second series are hearings and markup sessions on foreign aid legislation and foreign policy and area briefings by the executive branch. The committee expects this series to be completed for release early in 1979.

III. LEGISLATION CONSIDERED BY THE COMMITTEE

The 95th Congress was one of the most active in the history of the Committee on International Relations.

The committee's responsibilities involved many international situations, often controversial ones, which required congressional action. As the Congress continued to assert its prerogatives in the area of foreign affairs, the committee often was the focal point of activity on issues of vital national concern.

Among the legislation to become public law during the 95th Congress were annual authorizations such as the International Development and Food Assistance Act; the International Security Assistance Act; the Foreign Relations Authorization Act; Arms Control and Disarmament Act; and the Peace Corps Authorization each in 1977 and again in 1978. Other important measures that became public law

were:

The Export Administration Amendments of 1977;

The Trading with the Enemy Act reform legislation;

An amendment to the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 to halt the importation of Rhodesian chrome;

The Agriculture Trade Act of 1978;

The Diplomatic Relations Act;

The Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 1978; and

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978.

Bills and resolutions referred to the committee during the 95th Congress covered a wide range of subjects bearing on our Nation's international relations. Among legislative subjects receiving consideration by the committee were:

A bill to establish an international emergency wheat reserve:

A bill to authorize a United States contribution to the Tin Buffer Stock:

A House concurrent resolution to disapprove the sale of AWACS to Iran:

A House concurrent resolution to disapprove the export of uranium to India:

A House resolution urging the cooperation of the Government of the Republic of Korea with the investigation being conducted by the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct; and

Numerous resolutions dealing with the subject of human rights in various countries.