THAT only can properly be said to be natural to a moral agent of which he is morally or physically capable; that as society advances, through all its gradations, from the early stage observed in the American Colonies, man does certainly become physically and morally less capable of increasing his num. bers, although left to the free operation of his own will; until at length, at a high point of civilization, the natural force of the principle of population may probably become incapable of further increasing the existing number of people. Therefore, I believe that Mr. Malthus's assumption is untrue, that man continues to the end of time" equally capable of doubling his numbers, so far as the natural force of the principle of population is concerned.

This, sir, is my STATEMENT in its elementary parts. I have endeavoured to prove it in a variety of ways, and to draw it out into consequences; most of them, I venture to hope, favourable to the religion, the morals, and the happiness of mankind, according to the plain and rational meaning of those terms. If my statement be true, it seems also to relieve the subject from one of the most appalling difficulties under which it previously laboured-viz. the alleged extreme disproportion between the natural power of the soil to produce further food on the one side, and the natural power of the principle of population on the other, as the former evidently becomes contracted in the advanced stages of society. I confess that my imagination fails in conceiving any moral means by which this extreme natural disproportion (as it is frequently asserted by Mr. Malthus) can possibly be reconciled, consistently with the revealed will of God to man.

I wish, sir, for nothing more than to see the question fairly stated, and fairly met: and I have unfeignedly rejoiced at seeing it lately

so treated by persons who in some respects dissent from my opinions.

Having now trespassed at great length upon your attention, I shall omit or defer many other observations which press upon my mind; and only add, that you are at li berty to print this letter in the next Number of your journal, or to throw it into the fire, as to your candour may seem best.

I have the honour to be, sir,
Your humble servant,

JOHN WEYLAND, jun. P.S. I think it fair to state, that I retain a copy of this letter, which I consider myself entitled to hold at my own disposal, according to cir cumstances.

We confess ourselves to be not a little surprised at the tone of the preceding letter. We admit that we mistook, and therefore inad vertently mistated, Mr. Weyland's meaning in one passage, and we exceedingly regret the mistake. But surely no impartial reader will infer, from the general tenor of our Review of his work, that it was not our wish to treat Mr. Weyland with the respect to which he is most justly entitled, and which we really feel for his character and talents; or that we could have any view, in the part we have taken in this discussion, except the promotion of sound knowledge on a very important question.

Mr. Weyland ought in fairness to have waited until he had seen the second as well as the first part of our Review, before he proceeded in a strain of so much irritation to animadvert upon it generally. He would, in that case, have found every essential part of his system brought forward, in a manner which ought to satisfy him, because it is done chiefly in his own language. We must in candour add, that nothing contained in his letter has in the slightest degree altered our sentiments on the questions at issue between him and Mr. Malthus, or led us to think, that, with the ex

the sweeping generality of this intimation. But if otherwise, and that he will take the trouble to point out those other errors to which he alludes, and of which he professes to be satisfied with pointing out only one instance, we shall be very ready to correct them.

GREAT BRITAIN. In the press:-Lay Sermons, by Mr. Coleridge, addressed to the Middle and Labouring Classes on the present Distresses of the Country;-Letters from the late Mrs. Carter, to the late Mrs. Montagu, in two volumes 8vo.;-Sermons by the Rev. John Martin, more than forty years Pastor of the Baptist Church in Keppel-street, in 2 volumes; -Biblical Criticisms on the Books of the Old Testament, and Translations of Sacred Songs, with Notes Critical and Explanatory, by the late Bishop Horsley; -A New Volume of Poems by Mr. Leigh Hunt;-Sermons on the Offices and Character of Jesus Christ, by the Rev. T. Bowdler, M. A.;-An Account of the Island of Jersey, by W. Plees, many years resident in the Island: with engravings;-A Tour through Belgium along the Rhine, and through the North of France, by James Mitchell, M. A.; -The Second Volume of Mr. Southey's History of Brazil;--No. II. of Stephens' Greek Thesaurus;-The First Volume of "The Annual Obituary," containing, 1. Memoirs of celebrated Men who have dred within the year 1816. 2. Neglected, Biography. 3. Analyses of recent Biographical Works. 4. An Alphabetical List of all the Persons who have died within the British Dominions;-A Vo. lume of Sermons, by the late Rev. Dr. Vincent, Dean of Westminster; with an Account of his Life, by the Rev. Archdeacon Nares;-Female Scripture Biography, by the Rev. F. A. Cox, A.M. A Memoir of the Life of Dr. Claudius Buchanan, late Vice-Provost of the College of Fort William, and the wellknown author of several valuable works on the Moral and Religious State of our Asiatic Dominions, has been prepared

from authentic documents by the Rev. Hugh Pearson, M. A. of Oxford, and is now printing in two volumes 8vo.

The first Number of a Work, called the Correspondent, which will be continued every two months, appeared on the 1st instant: its price is 5s. It consists of Letters, Moral, Political, and Literary, between eminent persons in France and England; and is designed, by presenting to each nation a faithful picture of the other, to enlighten both to their true interests, promote a mutual good understanding between them, and render peace the source of a common prosperity. They have been long kept in ignorance of each other's true cha racters and attainments. The revolutionary governments of France pursued a settled policy of animosity and rancour; and, by means of the interruption of communication, the absolute slavery of the continental press, and the regular employment of hired libellers, succeeded in misrepresenting the views and conduct of England. On our side, we have also been accustomed to view France with much prejudice; and what there has been to admire in her,has been thrown into the shade by the prominence of objects creating only horror or disgust. In short, ignorant travellers, factious journalists, the mistakes of the prejudiced, and the artifices of the malevolent, have left the two nations in a great degree blind to each other's real merits, mutually suspicious and mutually deceived. To correct these miscon ceptions, is the object of the Correspondent, which will contain about an equal proportion of the letters of French and English writers; the whole of which will appear in English at London, and in French at Paris. It is scarcely pos

4

sible to enumerate all the subjects which such a work will embrace. Whatever is interesting in morals, in politics, or literature, will fall within the scope of its plan, provided it be drawn from authentic documents, or indisputable testimony. The English Editor is Dr. Stoddart, a name well known in both countries, as having already rendered essential service by his pen to the cause of truth, order, and rational liberty. The Number which has already appear ed, gives a fair promise of future usefulness and success. The English articles, besides a very able introductory paper, consist of letters on the complaints of agricultural and commercial distress in England; on the municipal corporations of England, and on the corporation of London in particular; on the life of John Wesley, the founder of the English Methodists; on the political societies formed in Germany during the period of Bonaparte's despotism; on the affairs of Spain; on Junius. The French translated articles are, on the royalists of Britanny, and the marquis de la Rouerie; on the terms Liberal Ideas and Ultra Royalists; on the elec toral colleges and chamber of deputies; on the means of eradicating mendicity; on the state of parties in France; on the revision of the French code; on the proceedings of the present Chamber of Deputies and on Fouche's letter to the Duke of Wellington. These papers, in general, are distinguished by their ability and great extent of information. We were particularly struck with the life of John Wesley, and the letter on the affairs of Spain. In short, we have no hesitation in warmly recommending the work to all our readers who take an interest in the very momentous subjects which are here treated of, or who are anxious to aid the truly laudable and patriotic objects for which it has been set on foot; namely, the promotion between England and France of that spirit of union which is the true bond of national peace.

A Work has been regularly published, for some years past, at the beginning of each year, entitled, "Time's Telescope," comprising a great variety of miscel laneous and scientific information. The volume for the present year contains, a complete guide to the Almanack for the year; astronomical phenomena in every month; the Naturalist's Diary, explaining appearances in the animal and vegetable kingdom; Sketches of com

parative Chronology; the principles of Zoology, &c.

Since the opening of the trade to India, on the 14th April, 1814, to private individuals, upwards of 200 ships, of the burden of 350 tons and upwards, have procured licences.

RUSSIA.

Before the year 1811 the Constitution of Russia was an absolute autocracy; but at that period the Emperor Alexander declared that it should be in future a constitutional monarchy; and that the will of the sovereign should be regulated by a code of laws.-The government is composed of, 1. The Senate of the Empire, which in 1811 was composed of thirty-five members; 2. Of the Directing Senate, as the superior authority; 3. Of the Holy Directing Senate; and, 4. Of the High Ministers.The revenues of the state in 1811 were 215,000,000 rubles. The expenses were the same year 274,000,000. The army in 1810 was 621,155 men; of which 110,000 were irregular troops. The navy in 1803 comprised 269 sail of different sizes, carrying 4348 guns; 32,046 sailors; 8,268 marines; and 4,000 gun

ners.

The established religion is the Greek, which reckons four metropolitan churches; eleven archbishoprics; nineteen bishoprics; 26,747 churches, and a great number of convents.-In 1811 there were estimated of the following persuasions, 3,500,000 Catholics; 1,400,000 Lutherans; 3,800 Reformed Protestants; 9,000 of the Unitas Fratrum; or Moravians, 5,000 Memnonites; 60,000 Armenians; 3,000,000 Mohammedans; 300,000 worshippers of the Dalai Lama; 600,000 adorers of Fetiches, or idols, &c. &c.

CHINA.

CEYLON.

Shall be considered as free. My endeavours have at last, as you will see by the enclosed papers, been attended with success. I wrote on the 10th of this month a letter (of which No. I. is a copy) upon the subject, to the principal proprietors of slaves at this place who are upon the list of the specia! jarymen for the province of Colombo, and who are therefore all personally known to me. By the letter of which No. II. is a copy, you will see that the proposal contained in my letter was well received by them; and that they, at a General Meeting, which they called to take the contents of that letter into consideration, unanimously came to the resolution, that all children born of their slaves after the 12th of August next should be free;-(the 12th of August was fixed upon by them at my suggestion, as a compliment to the Prince Regent). They afterwards appointed a committee, from among themselves, to frame certain resolutions (No. III.), for the purpose of carrying their benevolent intention into effect. The principal object of these resolutions is, as you will perceive, to secure that the children, born free after the 12th of August next, shall be provided for by the masters of their parents until the age of fourteen; it being supposed that after they have attained that age they will be able to provide for themselves.

"The Dutch special jurymen of this place consist of about 130 of the most respectable Dutch gentlemen of the place; in which number are contained almost all the Dutch who are large proprietors of slaves. Besides these gen

tlemen, there are jurymen of all the different casts among the natives, such as Vellales, fishermen, men of the Mahabadde or Cinnamon department,Chittees, and Malıomedans. The moment the jurymen of these casts heard of the resolution which had been come to by the Dutch special jurymen, they were so much struck with the example which they had set them, that they also immediately addressed nre in the same manner as the Dutch had done; announcing their unanimous acquiescence in the measure which had been adopted by the Dutch, and their unanimons determination to consider as free all children that may be born of their slaves, after the 12th of August.

"No. IV. is a copy of the answer which I sent to the address which was presented to me on the occasion by the Dutch special jurymen; and No. V. a copy of that which I returned to the respective addresses which were sent me by all the jurymen of the different casts of Natives at Colombo.

"The example of the jurymen at Colombo, is, I understand, to be immediately followed by all the jurymen on the island. You will, I am sure, be delighted to hear of this event. The state of domestic slavery, which has prevailed in this island for three centuries, may now be considered at an end."

It appears, from the accompanying documents referred to above, that this great change was brought about, in no small degree, by the effect produced on public opinion by the perusal of the Reports of the African Institution, particularly the Eighth and Ninth.

THEOLOGY.

Fifty-seven Sermons, on the Gospels or Epistles of all the Sundays in the Year, Christmas-day, the Circumcision, and Good-Friday; for the use of families and country congregations: together with Observations on Public Religions Instruction; by the Rev. Richard Warner, Curate of St. James's, Bath. 2 vols. 12mo. 16s.

A Plea for Catholic Communion in the Church of God; by J. M. Mason, D.D. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Sermons; by the late Rev. Charles Wesley, A. M. Student of ChristChurch, Oxford, with a Memoir of the Author. 12mo. 78.

Sermons; by W. N. Darnell, B. D. Prebendary of Durham, and late Fellow of C. C. College, Oxford. 8vo. 9%.

A Lay Sermon, addressed to the Higher Classes of Society; by S.T.Coleridge, Esq. 12mo. 4s.

Annotations on the Epistles; being a continuation of Mr. Elsley's Annotatious on the Gospels and Acts, and principally designed for the use of Candidates for Holy Orders; by the Rev. James Slade, M. A. 2 vols. 8vo. 16s.

A Century of Christian Prayers, on Faith, Hope, and Charity; with a Morning and Evening Devotion, conducive to the Duties of Belief and Practice. 8vo. 8s.

The Doctrine of Regeneration in the Case of Infant Baptism, stated in Reply to the Dean of Chichester's Apology, addressed to the Rev. G. S. Faber, B. D; by George Stanley Faber, B. D. Rector of Long Newton. 2s. 6d.