He fell forcibly backwards to the ground, of Troy, when Venus snatched him from the rolling over several times without being able impending wrath of Manelaus, and conveyed to recover himself, until finally he was lodg-him in a cloud of vapor to a place of safety. ed in the middle of a deep ditch of black Indeed, the circumstances and manner of esmud. Here he floundered for a second or two, escape of these two heroes tally to the most like a porpoise in the ocean; and it was not minute parallel, for just at this favorable without great difficulty and exertion on his turn in the tide of affairs, a brewery window part that he at last extricated himself from was thrown open close to the spot where Belthe ditch, and, casting a disdainful look at lona had been raging, and there issued into Granny, re-entered the cottage. Several per- the street such an enormous, spreading, and sons by this time had collected "to see the dense cloud of steam, that Pedestres and the fun," as they expressed it :-some appeared whole host were entirely enveloped, so that to know Pedestres' fair foe; others had not he was alone and concealed in the midst of a the felicity of her acquaintance. The little multitude. Whether any kindly Venus inside dirty boys that composed the greatest number the brewhouse had done this to save the obof the rabble, cried and hooted "Old Lundy!"ject of her peculiar care from hazard and from while some of the more elderly and sober en-shame, (for Pedestres saw no reason why she deavored to pacify the anger which these should not befriend him, as well as any body shouts only served to augment. Pedestres is else,) and snatch him from perdition, he knew one of those personages who "hate greetings not, nor could he discover any more than in the market-place; and the appearance of Paris at the moment; but he has every reaaffairs now had assumed such an aspect, that son for believing it to have been Venus and he began sincerely to wish he were clear of none other, for as Homer calls her "the such a public greeting as he, at that moment, laughter-loving dame," so at the same moenjoyed. Lundy (for so I must call her) ment the brewery window was opened, there seemed to have acquired additional stoutness also burst forth a most obstreperous roar. and assurance-not, however, that she want- However, there is no denying the fact that ed it--by her late victory over her grandson: they were both preserved through the kindly or rather, the circumstance, trivial as it might favor of vast fumes of smoke. Perchance, have been to a woman of her unwomanlike the Trojan warrior was conveyed away habits, by favoring her with a slight taste of through unmeasured regions of upper air by revenge, had heightened her thirst, and she a power which he felt not, but which wafted turned towards Pedestres with the full deter- him, like a gossamer floating in the zephyrs, mination of taking it to satiety. The broom- without any effort on his part, to safety and to stick was again uplifted on her side, and Pe- ease. Pedestres wanted no supernatural destres on his had summoned his 'squire, agency to waft him from the field; for as Clavileno, to his aid, in time of such fierce soon as he discovered himself to be out of and unequal battle. Clavileno would have the eye's-ken of mortality, he felt his way succeeded in parrying the blow in all proba-out of the cloud, and then betook himself to bility; but the un-knightlike and un-chival- his legs, as if he had been contending on the rous contest was painfully grievous both to arena of the Circus Maximus. master and faithful servant. Praised be all the powers that governed this momentous affray, things did not come to such a pass :there were stronger arms now on the battlefield than those which arrested Granny's direful aim in the first instance, and which had paid so dearly for the interference. A gal CHAPTER VII. sed explorator." SENECA. lant knight, Sir Lapstone, to all appearance of "In aliena castra transivit; non tanquam transfuga, outward bearing, "a mender of bad soles," had unobserved mingled in the crowd, for such it had now become, and he, seeing the hostile and deadly state of things, bravely interposed-not his lance, nor his shield, no, nor his Andrea Ferara-but with untold and untellable valor threw his whole person fairly betwixt the "wrangling queen" and the object of her boisterous wrath. What a relief to Pedestres!-he felt as if Providence had covered a check-mate that but the instant before had appeared inevitable, or as if there sat in his house of prosperity a power that had suddenly and miraculously averted the evil that was about to pounce on him, as the falcon swoops on the heron whose doom is irretrievable. The divine intelligence that presided over his safety were propitious:Pedestres felt it; and he declares that his preservation from so imminent a danger was as deifical as the rescue of Paris on the plains It might be expected that Pedestres' ardor for etymology had been a little damped by the effects of the affair related in the last chapter: but the next morning he aroused and summoned up the man within him, and determined on making another attempt. The vessel that rides the storm is not always at the top of the wave; and the sun shines not without intermission on the same flower of the garden: even if the day be cloudless and clear, from the first warble of the lark even until the latest note of the robin, still the night advances, when a certain though a transitory gloom must rest on the hill and the valley. Pedestres, therefore, wisely resolved on thinking that his ill-fortune was not permanent, but would shortly take a different turn, as the tide of the ocean must ebb when it has at that by which it is now known. The two middle letters were first transposed; the offspring of which transposition, therefore, being Isca: and thence, to the next metamorphose, into the word Exa: then, by substituting e for a, we have the modern name Exe: although it is sometimes written without the final e. tained its greatest height. For, according to the incomparable Juliet's reasoning, fortune, being fickle, can never endure long in any one pursuit, but will soon directly reverse herself, and take the very opposite and contrary course, to that which she traversed so ardently before. Wonderfully delighted and encouraged by this, Pedestres begged fortune to be fickle, and in a second attempt prosper The Saxons altered the then acknowledged his scrutiny into the christening of Exeter. name, and, by a rechristening, called the Julius Cæsar tells us, that this part of Eng- city Monkton. This is a barefaced onomatoland, that is, Devon and Cornwall, was for- peia. It bore this name more than three hunmerly called Dumnonia, or, as it has been dred years; when Athelstan, by a further rendered, “the county of vallies ;" and a later mutation, changed it to Esseterra, or Exeterra: author adds, "but now corruptedly it is named-that is, Excestre, or Exeter, where we at last Devonia, or Devonshire, and not Daneshire, of find the city clothed in its habiliments of the the Danes, as some would have it." latest fashion. The city, or capital, once bore the name of Corinia, and from this, the cathedral church was called Ecclesia Coriniensis. Leland and Bale further affirm that it was so designated by Corinus. Let me moreover add, that it was also known as Exancestria, or Exancestre; and the rive by Excestrum. We are told by sages and philanthropists innumerable, whose bounty has scattered to The Romans spoke of the city by the ap- the world many wholesome saws and salutary pellation of Augusta; but this by itself was apophthegms, that it is very naughty and unquite indefinite, for they applied the word to becoming to "call names." Not denying the many other cities, either from the circum-truth of this, I cannot but feel a vivid sense of stance of size, wealth, or importance, or out of compliment to the emperor. But to this was attached another name, thereby making a distinction from all other cities; they added that of Britannorum, making Augusta Bri tannorum. remorse now rising within me, as the fruits of my recent occupation depicted on the foregoing page or two. Therefore let me weep for the past: and as I think in amity towards Exeter, that I have against her called names to universal contentment, Clavileno and Pedestres will pass to something else. According to the authority of Geoffery of Monmouth, the ancient Britons assumed a As Claveleno had no veto to put in opposisomewhat extensive latitude in telling of its tion to his master's inclination, they both in attributes; sometimes expressing the exist- merry mood walked towards the castle, to surence of the same city in one way, and at vey and ponder over little more than a few others by another set of words, or that which foundations. The west gateway on the city was an equivalent to it; in the same manner side is the only relic that will attract the eye in which a certain youthful cavalier, "sigh- of a casual observer: it is the highest, most ing like furnace," spoke of his sweet lady- prominent, and most revealed feature now love-that is, her name bespoke her perfec- standing on the circuit of the walls, and betions. In the warmth of his heart he cried ing also a gate-post to the principal entry, is out, "O Clara Cleopatro-Hello-Lucretio-Venu- happily that object on which the first glance sio-Didoneissima!" But Exeter was only of the stranger must fall. The area of the called Penhulgoile, which may be rendered, "The prosperous chief town in the wood," though it was sometimes known as, "The famous town on the hill," or Pennehaltecaire. But this name is nothing to the cavalier's. castle within the walls, as given by Leland, is one hundred and one feet only, in one direction, and one hundred and nine in the other. These are small dimensions for that which has been the occupied palace of kings The western Danmonii called it by three-the residence, as well as the fortress-and different appellations: Pennecaire, meaning the magazine of pleasure and carousal, comthe chief city: Caireruth, the red city, from the color of the soil from, which it sprung: and Caireiske, otherwise, the city of Iske, the name of the river flowing immediately under Rougemont Castle Hill. mingled with the magazine of war. If a tourist in his wanderings, let him be in what part of England he may-or, indeed, what part of the old world-discovers the gray towers of some ancient castle, abbey, or Hoveden, in his Chronicle, mentions this other venerable fabric, standing forth in all latter name when speaking of the hostile the deep hues which antiquity is so fortunate Danes-" Anno Domini 877, exercitus Dano- in giving-if his eye is seized on by the glow rum, ab Wharham, nocte quadam, fœdere di- of a warm gleam of sunshine lighting up the rupto, ad Exeancestre diverterunt, quod Bri-moss-clad stones of a dilapidated turret, tannicé dicitur Cairiske." The learned Ptolemy calls it Isca; while the river he calls Isica. Ball, the antiquary, also expresses it as Isca; and the inhabitants he calls Iscans. From Isca, (the appellation of the river, as well as Isaca, as Ptolemy has it,) the name easily passed by a few gradations, into Exe; crowning the summit of some picturesque And pray, rogations of a like kind. Who built this cas-dustry, and mysterious dark ages, that will tle? and who built that? and who built Rouge- never fail to engender in minds like theirs, a mont Castle-that castle of the red soil, rest-species of superstition for its preservation and ing on the hill! Forsooth, Julius Cæsar-he perpetuity. built them all: the eternal answer to all queries-Julius Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Julius Cæsar! And as certain and unerring as Cæsar built all castles, so sure and certain is the information respecting him that pulled them all down. And who made a ruin of Tutbury Castle? who battered Conway Castle to pieces? and who destroyed Chepstow Castle? and who shattered fifty others? Oh! Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell, Oliver Cromwell! Confound Oliver Cromwell! say I. But peace be with him: let us not a second time rake his bones from their quiet grave. Rougemont, or Rugemont Castle, was erected by Julius Cæsar, or the Romans after him. It was long the palace of the Saxon kings of Westsex, or Wessex. After them, the habitation of the Earls of Cornwall; and then of the Dukes of Exeter. In modern days its fortunes have worn a very contracted aspect: ruin, decay, neglect, and dilapidation have usurped the seats of royalty, splendor, revelry, and massive architecture. And for some years the site of the quondam guardhouse has been occupied by the courts of justice. There is, in the vicinity of Exeter, another vestige of antiquity, which perchance may lay claim to the honor of as early an origin as the castle. And notwithstanding Pedestres had been in the city at times during far the greater half of his life, and had frequently passed within twenty-ay, ten yards of the spot, he had never conceived the most remote idea of the existence of any thing so attractive. It generally so happens, that when persons reside in or near, even the known and acknowledged reality of a lion, although it be such as may decoy thousands of the curious to the neighborhood to examine and admire; yet, when feeling themselves as residents, they scarcely appear to consider it worth the price of a short walk, to go and see that, which others have travelled across counties for the express purpose of coming to do no more. It had, in a great degree, been Pedestres' case in this instance; but now all at once fancying himself a tourist-whose attributes, and indeed duty, he thought, consisted in search, inquisitiveness, and curiosity-he was led to this Danish relic, as the fruits and reward of this inquiry. It is situated in one corner of a grazed field, immediately at the back of the county jail: and from the public road, a leap of infinitely less agility than would demand the seven-league boots of Peter Schimmel, would carry the antiquary lightly over the hedge, and set him in the centre of the circular vallum. A diametrical measurement gave its dimensions to be thirtyeight paces, from the top of the agger on one side, to the highest ridge on the opposite. By the peasants in the surrounding cottages, it is universally called "Danes' Castle;" and by them it appears to be looked upon in the light of one of those evidences of remote in Oh, Johnathan Oldbuck! thou pattern and model of all that is true, genuine, and specific, to form the real and perfect antiquary! Oh, wert thou but only here at this moment, standing with myself and my goodly 'squire on the ridge of this vallum, to tell us of the origin of so obscure a work-to tell us who defended within-who assailed without-who fell struggling for freedom, glory, and their country, on this side the breast-work-and how many died the death of the brave on the other! Wert thou but here now to descant and expatiate unto us with as much eloquence as thou didst to thy companion Lovel on the Kaim of Kimprunes, we were then indeed of a piece with thee. We should be enabled by the all-seeing glass of this research and scrutiny, to look clearly back into those ages of night and secrecy, during the existence of which this encampment, as well as the Kaim of Kimprunes, sprung into being. There does not reign that indistinctness here, of the supposed presence of which, thou wert so grievously ruffled by Lovel. All is plain, clear, manifest! On the southern side behold the porta sinistra, (a drain cut through the vallum to let off the rain that would settle in the basin,) oh, fear not Edie Ochiltree! fear him not! and yonder see the porta dextra! All is obvious-all is apparent and undeniable. Let him broach in our favor An Ave or two. But tears are for cravens; Then dry up thine eyes; Then, come, my blithe vassals, As erst, follow me ; If better we lack, To trace our way back. Our heart's on the prey, Our hopes, and away. DE L'ALLEMAGNE.* PAR MONSIEUR LE DOCTEUR C. M. CHAPITRE IV. MM. GOERRES et Baader, Et leur Mysticisme. capacités de M. Goerres et du fondateur de son école, Jacques Boehme, quoique le doute soit bien permis sur les visions du premier. Mais quand même nous consentirions à admettre que M. Goerres dans les revers d'une vie toute pleine d'orages, aurait appris ce qui fut révélé à Jacques Boehme gardant les troupeaux de son père, nous serions toujours d'avis que ces visions, si visions il y a eu, ne peuvent se transformer en système. S'il en était autrement, ne serait-ce pas consacrer l'absurde, et prononcer la destruction la plus complète de l'esprit humain; ne serait-ce pas renverser d'une main sacrilège, la réforme du seizième siècle, et oublier par une lâche ingratitude les bienfaits de Luther, que de confondre de nouveau de ridicules miracles avec les sentimens d'une religion toute riche de sa pureté et de sa forme simple? Et cependant qui oserait dire que le mysticisme ne tend pas à opérer ce malheureux résultat. Il entraîne dans les réseaux d'un langage symbolique dont les moindres nuances sont souvent calculées, les esprits disposés à recevoir facilement des impressions; il les éloigne de la voie de la raison et de la religion, pour les lancer dans les espaces incommensurables, qu'une imagination désordonnée seule peut choisir pour son domaine. Si Jeanne d'Arc cette pieuse bergère qui dans le silence de la solitude, non moins que dans les sublimes profondeurs d'une foi vive et sincère, s'est prise à se laisser aller de rève en rève, si par la force de sa croyance, elle est parvenue à accomplir des destinées qui nous frappent encore d'étonnement, ce merveilleux épisode de l'histoire d'un grand peuple peut-il se transformer en système, devenir Il est évident, que le mysticisme, quelque une école, et cette puissance de foi, de médipart qu'on le rencontre, quelque forme qu'il tations, de l'illustre héroine née aux champs revête, laissera toujours entrevoir, malgré incultes de Vaucouleurs, serait-elle une protoute son habileté à la dissimuler, une teinte priété qu'elle pourrait transmettre à des disciplus ou moins foncée de mystification, et ples comme le manteau mystérieux d'Eli le façonnée en système aujourd'hui usurpant le prophète? Jeanne d'Arc est un caractère à titre sacré de science ou de doctrine: il a part, une nature exceptionnelle, une figure paru en Allemagne et en Angleterre, à l'om-historique, qui ne s'est modélée à aucune bre de la religion, et ainsi protégé, il a grandi. école, qu'aucune école n'aurait pu modeler ! Mais quelle peut être la mission du mysti- de pareilles organisations ne peuvent pas cisme? quelle influence dans l'avenir doit-il former les autres à leur image, et celui qui exercer? Sa mission, c'est de détourner l'es-tenterait de les imiter ne serait qu'un fou ou prit humain de la réforme religieuse de Lu- un imposteur. ther et de ses successeurs: par son influence Du mysticisme à la superstition il n'y a le Christianisme se précipitera de nouveau qu'un pas, et la superstition, on la reconnaîdans le chaos des images, des symboles; et tra sans peine: n'est-elle pas contraire à entouré d'un cortège aussi absurde, il n'aura toute croyance vraiment religieuse, contraire rien à envier aux fables du paganisme dont surtout à la réforme du catholicisme, qui pour il aura copié les mythes. Le mysticisme est se rendre inaccessible s'est entouré de formes un dogme, si l'on peut appeler dogme ce qui mystiques, de symboles, et d'images, afin de n'a pas pour base un principe raisonnable, qui mieux cacher sous les voiles nombreux d'oriabuse de la société et de la religion, en les peaux métaphysiques la majestueuse figure jetant l'une et l'autre dans un cercle d'er-de Dieu, et la dérober à notre esprit, à la raireurs métaphysiques, au milieu duquel elles son, pour mieux soumettre le monde chrétien doivent se mouvoir, sans jamais atteindre de à la volonté du saint siège, aux caprices et à but, sans jamais toucher au terme de leurs l'intérêt sordide de sa phalange ecclésiastique, efforts inutiles. Loin de nous cependant qui interprète Dieu et le ciel, comme les l'intention maladroite de décrier les hautes chambellans, les valets, et les femmes dé * Continued from page 169. pravées de St. Pétersbourg dirigent les audiences des empéreurs de Russie. Jean Joseph Goerres, né à Coblentz le 25 Janvier 1776, est un homme de circonstance. | tentieuse de cet écho religieux, sonore il est Après avoir essayé en vain d'exploiter plu- vrai, riche dans sa forme, mais vide de raison sieurs entreprises, après avoir parcouru bien et arrivant à l'humanité de notre époque des carrières, il se voua à Dieu, sans doute comme une injure au bon sens et une fausse parce qu'il crut n'avoir plus rien à espérer interprétation de la destinée de l'homme sur des hommes. Comme rédacteur de journaux la terre. politiques et littéraires, il se montra très libé- Le protestantisme de Luther a renversé la ral, même trop libéral pour l'époque et le toute puissance ecclésiastique dont Rome pays où il vivait; aussi ses publications péri- était le siège; il a brisé les chaînes d'un odiques furent elles persécutéés et supprimées. pouvoir mondain caché sous des auspices Plusieurs ouvrages scientifiques et politiques, spirituels; il a délivré une partie des peuples ont révélé la grande portée de son intelligence de l'Europe de la confession et il a sauvé la et de son érudition. Lorsqu'il écrivit son religion de toutes les dépravations auxquelles livre, Les visions et rélations avec l'église de elle était exposée, parcequ'il a renversé, en Emanuel Swedenborg, Emanuel Swedenborg, parti au moins, le mysticisme, cette fausse seine Visionen und sein Verhältniss zur direction de l'esprit humain. Le protestantKirche, Strasburg 1827, le Roi de Bavière isme est devenu une religion basée sur la l'appela à Munich en qualité de professeur de raison; il a d'abord exercé son influence littérature générale, et c'est là qu'il travailla salutaire sur la pureté des murs tout en de concert avec le philosophe Schelling et rétablissant l'indépendance des nations GerM. Baader à ranimer l'esprit religieux du maniques qui gémissaient sous le joug du moyen age, pour rappeler, s'il est possible, Saint-siège; et la religion est devenue une cette époque solennelle des persécutions et vérité par la raison. Et cette raison a redes meurtres commis au nom de Dieu; c'est poussé les ornemens ridicules ou mensongers, là qu'il évoque, dans son admiration pour les les formes éblouissantes, les intrigues du consiècles passés, les vieux systèmes politiques clave, et l'avidité et la corruption des couauxquels it paraît attacher, quoique l'opinion vens; il a repoussé aussi le livre des taxes, ait prononcé en dernier appel, la planche de imprimé par ordre de la cour de Rome, livre salut qui doit sauver la société du naufrage: où se trouve entre autres la phrase suivante: et c'est à ces sources que M. St. Marc est allé ayez soin d'observer que les grâces et les dispuiser les preuves qui l'ont amené à se récon-penses ne s'accordent point aux pauvres, parcecilier avec le catholicisme ante-Luthérien. qu'ils ne peuvent pas payer. C'est pourquoi on Le talent mystique de M. Goerres est fort ne peut les consoler. Et nota diligenter, quod brillant. C'est une justice à lui rendre. La ejus modi gratiæ et dispensationes non concedunforme de son style est séduisante, il entraîne tur pauperibus, quia non_sunt (soluturi), ideo facilement par la poésie dont il colore habile-non possunt consolari.* La réforme a établi ment ses images; le tour de sa phrase ne un culte plus sage, plus pure et plus humain. manque ni d'une certaine fraîcheur, ni d'une Gardez-vous donc de retomber dans le myscertaine vivacité; il déguise avec tant d'ha- ticisme: c'est le tourbillon qui entraînerait bileté la nature intime de sa philosophie, qu'à immanquablement vers l'idolatrie, qui dénaMunich, on se met déjà à genoux devant le turerait la raison et marcherait par conséportrait du roi Louis, pour implorer sa grâce, quent contre le salut du protestantisme. et l'on oublie que c'est à une image insensible Et cependant, nous voyons beaucoup de que l'on s'adresse. Aussi Munich n'est plus protestans en Angleterre se jeter, tête perdue, aujourd'hui qu'un immense couvent, gouverné dans le mysticisme; suivre les visions de par le triumvirat de MM. Schelling le philo-Boehme, que la fanatique Jeanne Leade a sophe converti, de J. J. Goerres l'homme aux transformé en école, en formant en 1697, sa essais, et de François Xavier Baader né à société de Philadelphistes. Malgré l'éviMunich en 1765, et professeur à l'université dence en dépit de la vérité, nous voyons des philosophico-papale de la capitale de la Ba-protestans en Allemagne prendre cette direcvière. Baader dans ses égaremens fait preuve tion si vicieuse notamment depuis le retour d'une sagacité rare. Vrai représentant du du roi de Prusse du Congrès de Vérone, diPhilosophus Teutonicus Boehme, il embrassa rection qui a forcé le monarque à se déle mysticisme avec chaleur, et sous le titre de fendre de l'inculpation de s'être fait caphilosophie il cherche à propager cette doc- tholique. trine. Au reste on a tant abusé de ce titre sacré, il est devenu si contradictoire, qu'il ne faudrait pas trop s'étonner si bientôt l'on effaçait les inscriptions des maisons de fous, que l'on désignerait à l'avenir sous le nom d'institutions philosophiques. Le protestantisme a pendu à la société les bonnes mœurs, a rétabli les rélations de la famille et de l'état, enfin l'esprit de la civilisation, qui n'aurait pu se faire jour aussi long temps que le mysticisme religieux abaissant le faible l'aveuglait tandis qu'il fortifiait le pouvoir exorbitant du chef de l'église catholique: foulant aux pieds l'histoire du passé, les réformés se détachent de leurs familles, pour suivre non pas la religion sage du protestantisme, mais bien une religion chargée, Que les défenseurs du catholicisme fassent usage du mysticisme, on le conçoit sans peine, c'est pour eux un échaffaudage puissant, sans lequel leur autorité s'affaisserait, mais qu'il serve d'appui aux réformés! qu'il entre dans la réforme de Luther comme un système, comme partie intégrante du dogme! il y aurait folie à le croire, faiblesse à ne pas s'élever contre la tendance ridiculement pré-1553. Taxa Cancellariæ Apostolicæ, fol. 142, edit, |