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BY

Clarks Benri di

ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE.

TRANSLATED BY

HENRY REEVE, Esq.

EDITED, WITH NOTES,

THE TRANSLATION REVISED AND IN GREAT PART REWRITTEN, AND THE ADDITIONS

MADE TO THE RECENT PARIS EDITIONS NOW FIRST TRANSLATED,

BY FRANCIS BOWEN,

ALFORD PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY IN HARVARD University.

VOL. I.

THIRD EDITION.

SCAMBRIDGE:

SEVER AND FRANCIS.
1863.

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in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

81916

PRESS:

UNIVERSITY
WELCH, BIGELOW, AND COMPANY,

CAMBRIDGE.

PREFACE

OF THE AMERICAN EDITOR.

THE present publication has been made to con

form as nearly as possible to the twelfth edition of the original work, the latest which appeared at Paris under the direct supervision of the author. De Tocqueville appended to this edition, published in 1850, his essay, written three years before, for the Academy of the Moral and Political Sciences, on Democracy in Switzerland; a full report of his remarkable Speech in the Chamber of Deputies predicting the Revolution of 1848 just a month before its occurrence; and a feeling and eloquent Advertisement, addressed to his countrymen, pointing them to the example of the United States, and urging the study of American institutions as affording the most instructive lessons for the organization and conduct of the new French republic. These three additions are here for the first time translated, both because they have an intimate connection with the body of the work, and because they reflect much light upon the character and opinions of the writer towards the close of his life. The first of them is specially interesting to American readers, as it contains an able analysis and criticism of the republican institutions of Switzerland, illustrated by frequent

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