...conformity that often settles on groups, and that has been termed "groupthink." Janis has described this as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when...motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action."5 Janis, who also popularized the term, investigated a series of defective political and business...

...regarded as successful (eg, the Cuban missile crisis). In his original formulation, Janis (1972) defined groupthink as ... a mode of thinking that people engage...involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' striving for unanimity overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of...

...sway and consensus is compelled, or worse, faked. ln the early l970s, Dr. lrving Janis of Yale defined groupthink as "a mode of thinking that people engage...involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' striving for unanimity overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of...

...Other group members may mask their real feelings in deference to the consensus. This is groupthink, "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they...realistically appraise alternative courses of action. . . . Groupthink refers to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality, testing, and moral judgment...

...comes closer to the characteristics of vigilance than of groupthink. For Janis, in a case of groupthink 'members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation...realistically appraise alternative courses of action', but McDermott argues that 'this clearly didn't happen in the Carter administration, as evidenced by...

...groupthink, a concept mainly known in the context of political decisions, see Irving Janis, who defines it as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when...realistically appraise alternative courses of action" (Victims of Groupthink, 9). 55. This configuration tackles what Faubion discusses in an article on...

...and Fiascos (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2nd edition, 1982). Janis notes in his first study: Groupthink "A mode of thinking that people engage in when they...realistically appraise alternative courses of action," according to Irving Janis, a social psychologist at Yale University who identified and studied this...

...congruence? The emphasis on congruence is explicit in Irving Janis's description of the groupthink concept: "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they...realistically appraise alternative courses of action" (1972, p. 9). The phrase "striving for unanimity" is simply another way of saying the group tries to...

...in Irving Janis's concept of "groupthink." Janis says, l use the term "groupthink" ... to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage in when they...motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.4 The four groups profiled in this chapter take elaborate physical security precautions which...

...gebruik heb gemaakt.24 In zijn eerste boek óver dit onderwerp definieerde Janis groepsdenken als volgt: 'A mode of thinking that people engage in when they...motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.'25 Hieruit komt wel naar voren, waar het Janis om te doen is, maar de definitie is verder niet...